宏基因组学在传染病防控中的应用进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0787

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新发突发传染病暴发给全球公共卫生防控带来严峻挑战。快速识别致病病原体是应对新发突发传染病的首要问题，传统病原检测方法难以应对已知变异较大病原或未知病原，基于高通量测序的宏基因组学研究给病原识别鉴定带来了新的方法和思路。核酸提取、高通量测序和数据分析等关键技术方法不断发展，使宏基因组学成为新突发传染病防控的重要研究方向。宏基因组学可对传染病防控中的多种类型样本进行直接测序，获得高通量的测序数据，并结合病原核酸数据库，通过序列比对、变异进化分析等生物信息学方法，通过监测可疑样本对疫情暴发进行预测预警；识别传染病患者感染致病病原，为临床诊治提供指导；构建病原系统发育关系，追溯疫情潜在感染来源，最终实现新突发传染病病原的快速识别、分型、耐药及溯源分析。宏基因组学作为一项新兴技术，在传染病防控领域具有巨大潜力和发展空间。通过对宏基因组学在传染病病原监测、检测及溯源等方面的应用进展进行综述，以期为传染病防控提供新的视角。

关键词: 宏基因组学, 传染病防控, 高通量测序

Abstract: The outbreak of new infectious diseases poses a serious challenge to global public health prevention and control.Rapid identification of pathogens is the primary challenge in dealing with outbreaks emerging infectious diseases. It is difficult to detect unknown pathogens or pathogens with large mutations using traditional pathogen detection methods. Metagenomics based on high-throughput sequencing has shed light on the pathogen detection and identification. Nucleic acid extraction，high-throughput sequencing，data analysis and other key technologies continue to develop，making metagenomics become an important research direction for the prevention and control of new infectious diseases. Metagenomics can direct sequence many samples of the prevention and control of infectious diseases to obtain high-throughput sequencing data. It can combine the pathogenic nucleic acid database，through sequence alignment，mutation evolution analysis and other bioinformatics methods in to use. In this way，we can monitor the suspicious samples of the epidemic outbreak forecast and warning，identify pathogens and provide medication guidance，determine the phylogenetic relationship，trace the origin of the pathogen and investigate the epidemic. Ultimately，we can realize the target of rapid identification，typing，drug resistance and traceability analysis of the new outbreak of infectious diseases. As a new technology，metagenomics has great potential and development prospects in the field of prevention and control of infectious diseases. This article reviews the application of metagenomics in the pathogen detection，detection and traceability of infectious diseases in order to provide a new perspective for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

Key words: metagenomics, prevention and control of infectious diseases, high throughput sequencing

李沛翰, 李鹏, 宋宏彬. 宏基因组学在传染病防控中的应用进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(3): 43-52.

LI Pei-han, LI Peng, SONG Hong-bin. Application of Metagenomics in Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(3): 43-52.

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