不同品种酿酒葡萄表皮微生物群落多样性分析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017.03.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 葡萄酒酿造是多种微生物参与代谢的过程,其中的微生物在没有外源接种的情况下通常认为源自酿酒葡萄本身。应用高通量测序技术,分析沙城地区不同品种酿酒葡萄表皮的微生物群落,旨在从源头上了解葡萄酒酿造原料的品质,为研究酿酒葡萄微生物对酿酒品质的影响提供理论依据。结果显示,无论细菌还是真菌丰富度最大的均为雷司令,细菌主要分布在变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）等8个门,优势细菌主要是欧文氏菌属（Erwinia）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）等6个属。真菌仅分布在子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和接合菌门（Zygomycota）3个门,链格孢菌属（Alternaria）、枝孢属（Cladosporium）、茎点霉属（Phoma）、镰孢属（Fusarium）等9个主要的属。细菌中心OTU最相似菌种分别为节杆菌（Arthrobacter sp.）、假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.）等,真菌为枝孢菌（Cladosporium sp.）、茎点霉（Phoma sp.）、链格孢菌（Alternaria sp.）以及大量未知种属的OTU。研究表明,葡萄品种是影响微生物群落的最重要的因素,推测酿酒葡萄上的一些微生物会对葡萄植株的健康、葡萄果实的品质以及葡萄酒酿造产生有益或有害的影响。

关键词: 酿酒葡萄, 高通量测序, 微生物群落, 葡萄酒品质, 细菌多样性, 真菌多样性

Abstract: Brewing grape wine is a process involved by many microorganisms that generally come from the grape berries if without exogenous inoculation. The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial communities on the surface of different cultivars of wine grapes in Shacheng,China,which aims to understand the quality of the wine grapes,and provide the theoretical evidences for investigating the influences of microorganisms on the quality of brewing. The results showed that the richest microbial communities among these wine grapes were Riesling no matter of bacteria or fungi. The bacteria mainly were distributed in 8 phyla of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,etc.,and 6 dominant genera of Erwinia,Pseudomonas,Bacillus,and so on. The 3 phyla of the fungi were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Zygomycota;and the 9 genera of fungi were Alternaria,Cladosporium,Phoma,Fusarium,etc. The most similar species of the bacterial core OTUs were Arthrobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp.,as well as Cladosporium sp.,Phoma sp.,Alternaria sp. and a lot of unknown ones for the fungal core OTUs. This study illustrates that the cultivar is the most important factor affecting the microbial communities. And from the results,it is inferred that the microorganisms on the surfaces of the wine grapes may be beneficial or adverse to the health of the grape vine,the quality of the grape berries and the process of wine brewing.

Key words: wine grape, high-throughput sequencing, microbial community, grape wine quality, bacterial diversity, fungal diversity

张世伟, 陈曦, 钟其顶, 黄占斌, 孟镇, 罗金学, 石玲, 白志辉. 不同品种酿酒葡萄表皮微生物群落多样性分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2017, 33(3): 128-137.

ZHANG Shi-wei, CHEN Xi, ZHONG Qi-ding, HUANG Zhan-bin, MENG Zhen, LUO Jin-xue, SHI Ling, BAI Zhi-hui. Microbial Communities on the Wine Grape Surfaces of Different Cultivars[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2017, 33(3): 128-137.

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