甾醇在调节植物生长发育中的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1181

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甾醇是一种异戊二烯类化合物,在生物的生长发育中起着重要作用。甾醇不仅是真核细胞膜的结构成分,而且也是甾醇激素生物合成的前体,在植物细胞分裂、胚胎发生和发育、参与逆境胁迫中起着关键作用。在植物中,甾醇衍生的油菜素内酯（brassinosteroids,BRs）在生长发育中的多种功能已被广泛研究,BRs作为一类植物激素,协同其他激素在植物生长发育中发挥多种功能,从细胞分裂、细胞扩张、气孔导度和根系发育,BRs在植物生命周期的各个方面都发挥着重要的作用。除了这些功能外,BRs作为植物甾醇合成途径的重要产物,作为一种重要的信号分子响应逆境胁迫及调控植物的形态建成。本文对BRs合成途径中的相关基因的研究进展进行了概述,并且综述了油菜素内酯的生物合成及其在调节植物生长发育中的研究进展,最后对油菜素内酯的研究前景进行了讨论和展望。

关键词: 甾醇, 油菜素内酯, 生长发育, 逆境胁迫

Abstract:

Sterols are isoprene compounds and play an important role in the growth and development of organisms. Sterols are not only structural components of eukaryotic cell membrane,but also precursors of sterol hormone biosynthesis,which play a key role in plant cell division,embryogenesis and development,and participating in stress. In plants,the multiple functions of sterol derived brassinosteroids（BRs）in growth and development have been extensively studied. BRs as a class of plant hormone,cooperate with other hormones to play a variety of functions in plant growth and development. BRs play an important role in all aspects of plant life cycle from cell division,cell expansion,stomatal conductance and root development. In addition to these functions,BRs,as an important product of the phytosterol synthesis pathway,act as an important signal molecule responding to adversity stress and regulating plant morphogenesis. This article outlines the research progress of the related genes in the BRs synthesis pathway,and summarizes the biosynthesis of brassinolide and its research progress in regulating plant growth and development. Finally,the research prospects of brassinolide are discussed and prospected.

Key words: sterol, brassionosteroids, growth and development, adversity stress

李萍, 郭发平, 田敏, 税阳, 徐娜娜, 白大嵩, 余德金, 张杰, 胡运高, 彭友林. 甾醇在调节植物生长发育中的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(7): 90-98.

LI Ping, GUO Fa-ping, TIAN Min, SHUI Yang, XU Na-na, BAI Da-song, YU De-jin, ZHANG Jie, HU Yun-gao, PENG You-lin. Research Progress of Sterol in Regulating Plant Growth and Development[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(7): 90-98.

图/表 1

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