荒漠草原柠条灌丛堆不同发育阶段土壤细菌群落结构特征

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0248

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解干旱半干旱地区荒漠草原不同发育阶段柠条灌丛堆土壤细菌群落结构与多样性特征及影响因素,选取宁夏荒漠草原生长期、成熟期和衰退期3种不同发育阶段柠条灌丛堆,通过高通量测序技术分析其土壤细菌的群落结构及多样性特征,探究发育阶段和土壤理化因子演变对土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响因素,最后利用PICRUSt方法预测不同发育阶段柠条灌丛堆土壤细菌的功能。结果表明,获得的15 383个细菌操作分类单元（operational taxonomic unit,OTU）属于50门146纲364目590科1 111属,其中生长期细菌数量最多,优势菌门为放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）等9个菌门,占微生物总数90%以上,优势菌门门类与大多数研究相似。柠条灌丛堆不同发育阶段土壤AP、EC存在显著差异,表现为成熟期>生长期>衰退期,其他土壤养分差异不显著,但数值同样表现为成熟期>生长期>衰退期。细菌群落的多样性和丰富度没有显著性差异,但数值上表现为成熟期最高。AP、SOC是柠条灌丛堆土壤细菌群落多样性的主要影响因子,EC、pH等其他环境因子也显著影响多个菌群丰富度。基于柠条灌丛堆不同发育阶段土壤细菌基因组的16S rRNA序列对其功能的预测发现,土壤细菌的主要功能表现为代谢方面。以上结果丰富了半干旱荒漠草原地区土壤微生物多样性的相关理论知识,为柠条植被的恢复提供一定的依据。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 柠条, 灌丛堆, 土壤细菌, 群落结构, 功能预测

Abstract:

To understand the soil bacterial community structure and diversity characteristics and the influencing factors at different developmental stages of Caragana korshinskii Kom. nebkhas in arid and semi-arid desert grasslands,C. korshinskii Kom. nebkhas in Ningxia desert grasslands at three different developmental stages of growing,mature,and recession were selected. At the same time,high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to analyze their soil bacterial community structure and diversity characteristics,and to investigate the influencing factors of developmental stages and soil physicochemical factors evolution on soil bacterial community structure and function. Finally,PICRUSt method was to predict the functions of soil bacteria at different developmental stages of C. korshinskii Kom. nebkhas. The results showed that the obtained 15 383 operational taxonomic units（OTUs）belonged to 50 phyla,146 classes,364 orders,590 families,and 1 111 genera,with the largest number of bacteria at the growing stage and the dominant phyla being 9 of Actinobacteriota,Proteobacteria,Acidobacteriota,Chloroflexi,Crenarchaeota,and nine others. Proteobacteria,Acidobacteriota,Chloroflexi,and others,accounting for > 90% of the total number of microorganisms,and the dominant phyla were similar to most studies. There were significant differences in soil AP and EC in different development stages of C. korshinskii Kom. nebkhas,showing mature> growing > recession. Other soil nutrients were not significantly different,but the values were also expressed as mature> growing > recession. There was no significant difference in the diversity and abundance of bacterial communities,but the numerical value was the highest in the mature period. AP and SOC were the main factors influencing the diversity of soil bacterial communities in C. korshinskiiKom. nebkhas. Other environmental factors such as EC and pH also significantly affected the richness of multiple bacterial communities. Based on the prediction of 16S rRNA sequences of soil bacterial genomes in different developmental stages of C. korshinskii Kom. nebkhas,it was found that metabolism was the main function of soil bacteria. The above results can enrich the theoretical knowledge of soil microbial diversity in semi-arid desert grasslands and provide a reference for the restoration of C. korshinskii Kom. vegetation.

Key words: desert steppe, Caragana korshinskii Kom., nebkhas, soil bacteria, community structure, functional prediction

王子寅, 刘秉儒, 李子豪, 赵晓玉. 荒漠草原柠条灌丛堆不同发育阶段土壤细菌群落结构特征[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(7): 205-214.

WANG Zi-yin, LIU Bing-ru, LI Zi-hao, ZHAO Xiao-yu. Characteristics of Soil Bacterial Community Structure in the Different Developmental Stages of Desert Grassland Caragana korshinskii Kom. Nebkhas[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(7): 205-214.

图/表 8

参考文献 34

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发育阶段 Developmental stage	有机碳SOC/（g·kg^-1）	总磷TP/（g·kg^-1）	速效磷AP/（mg·kg^-1）	总氮TN/（g·kg^-1）	电导率EC/（ms·cm^-1）	pH
生长期Growing	3.080±0.534a	0.238±0.020a	3.124±0.240b	0.156±0.005a	74.832±7.615ab	7.638±0.029a
成熟期Mature	3.244±0.623a	0.245±0.016a	3.508±0.221a	0.168±0.019a	81.134±6.779a	7.636±0.062a
衰退期Recession	2.646±0.370a	0.232±0.012a	2.924±0.228b	0.148±0.023a	69.434±9.328b	7.656±0.030a

发育阶段 Developmental stage	有机碳SOC/（g·kg^-1）	总磷TP/（g·kg^-1）	速效磷AP/（mg·kg^-1）	总氮TN/（g·kg^-1）	电导率EC/（ms·cm^-1）	pH
生长期Growing	3.080±0.534a	0.238±0.020a	3.124±0.240b	0.156±0.005a	74.832±7.615ab	7.638±0.029a
成熟期Mature	3.244±0.623a	0.245±0.016a	3.508±0.221a	0.168±0.019a	81.134±6.779a	7.636±0.062a
衰退期Recession	2.646±0.370a	0.232±0.012a	2.924±0.228b	0.148±0.023a	69.434±9.328b	7.656±0.030a

发育阶段 Developmental stage	序列数 Sequence number	Shannon指数 Shannon index	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao 1指数 Chao 1 index	覆盖度 Coverage/%
生长期Growing	69731±1774a	6.828±0.024a	5746.43±318.25a	5413.55±168.93a	95.66±0.17a
成熟期Mature	62230±4634b	6.853±0.066a	5810.29±472.11a	5572.59±297.17a	95.52±0.27a
衰退期Recession	56050±3653c	6.852±0.030a	5736.14±296.62a	5435.89±163.83a	95.65±0.14a

发育阶段 Developmental stage	序列数 Sequence number	Shannon指数 Shannon index	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao 1指数 Chao 1 index	覆盖度 Coverage/%
生长期Growing	69731±1774a	6.828±0.024a	5746.43±318.25a	5413.55±168.93a	95.66±0.17a
成熟期Mature	62230±4634b	6.853±0.066a	5810.29±472.11a	5572.59±297.17a	95.52±0.27a
衰退期Recession	56050±3653c	6.852±0.030a	5736.14±296.62a	5435.89±163.83a	95.65±0.14a

一级通路 Pathway level 1	二级通路Pathway level 2	生长期 Growing	占比 Percentage/%	成熟期 Mature	占比 Percentage/%	衰退期Recession	占比 Percentage/%
代谢Metabolism	全局概况图Global and overview maps	35234604	40.64	35808222	40.61	35369151	40.70
	碳水化合物代谢Carbohydrate metabolism	7961526.76	9.18	8095202.2	9.18	8011233	9.22
	氨基酸代谢Amino acid metabolism	7180071.5	8.28	7313111.6	8.29	7204390	8.29
	能量代谢Energy metabolism	3897443.61	4.50	3946546.9	4.48	3902439	4.49
	辅酶和维生素代谢Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins	3698076.74	4.27	3754449.3	4.26	3702735	4.26
	核苷酸代谢Nucleotide metabolism	2042528.25	2.36	2069459.1	2.35	2045558	2.35
	脂质代谢Lipid metabolism	1881022.7	2.17	1931092.1	2.19	1894049	2.18
	外源生物降解与代谢Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism	1731831.36	2.00	1800961.4	2.04	1737606	2.00
	其他次生代谢产物的生物合成Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites	1366994.13	1.58	1385902.6	1.57	1372414	1.58
	其他氨基酸代谢Metabolism of other amino acids	1312324.37	1.51	1349247.2	1.53	1317989	1.52
	萜类化合物和聚酮类化合物代谢Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides	987922.99	1.14	1005755.7	1.14	993177	1.14
	聚糖生物合成和代谢Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	982742.63	1.13	991037.36	1.12	989105.5	1.14
遗传信息处理 Genetic information processing	转译Translation	2612652.11	3.01	2617872.7	2.97	2614704	3.01
	复制和修复Replication and repair	2079265.69	2.40	2099073.8	2.38	2079876	2.39
	折叠、排序和退化Folding,sorting and degradation	1218889.45	1.41	1231163.4	1.40	1218668	1.40
环境信息处理Environmental information processing	膜运输Membrane transport	2349219.64	2.71	2396698.2	2.72	2336902	2.69
环境信息处理Environmental information processing	信号转导Signal transduction	1968830.46	2.27	2004003.8	2.27	1961715	2.26
细胞过程Cellular processes	细胞群落-原核生物Cellular community - prokaryotes	1954704.28	2.25	1986461.1	2.25	1955751	2.25