关键词: 抗冻蛋白, 病程相关蛋白, 抗冻机理, 抗冻蛋白效应

Abstract: Low temperature stress threatens the growth of plants,resulting in the reduction in the yield of crops,subsequently people’s needs for production and life cannot be met;therefore,it is of great significance to enhance the ability of plants to resist cold. Antifreeze protein is a protein that improves the ability of organisms to adapt to low temperatures. At present,the discovered antifreeze proteins can increase the adaptability of organisms to low temperature and prevent organisms from damages by reducing the freezing point of a plant system,changing the morphology of ice crystals,and inhibiting the growth of ice crystals. Proteins with antifreeze properties have been discovered and isolated from fish,insects and plants,and the genes related to antifreeze proteins from plants or animals or fused animals and plants are transferred to receptor plants,their cold resistances increase,and consequently crop yields increase. This paper summarizes the progress of various antifreeze proteins in recent years in a table form,and reviews the research of antifreeze protein from several aspects of discovery,effect,evaluation method of activity,mechanism,research progress,and application of antifreeze protein. In addition,some literature shows that there are still some substances that regulate the accumulation of antifreeze proteins in some plants,such as jasmine acid and ethylene,which are also important for improving the ability of plants to live at low temperatures,and further research is needed. Second,other antifreeze proteins have also been uncovered to have other functions,but the homology of these antifreeze proteins is not high,and further studies are needed.

Key words: antifreeze protein, pathogenesis-related protein, antifreeze mechanism, antifreeze protein effect