中华鳖性别决定中主导性因素的研究进展及思考

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0519

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 自然界中复杂的性别决定机制令人着迷又畏惧。爬行动物作为变温动物,不同于哺乳类保守的基因决定型（Geneotypic sex determination,GSD）,处于环境决定型（Environmental sex determination,ESD）和GSD机制的过渡期。其性别决定对外部环境因素,如温度和污染物比较敏感。中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）是一种珍贵的水生经济动物,在爬行动物生物学领域的性别决定研究中具有重要意义。随着国内外相关研究的深入开展,一些研究表明温度影响中华鳖性别比例,属于温度决定型（Temperature-dependent sex determination,TSD）,但研究结果不尽相同,总有20%-30%的个体并未沿温度方向发育;其次,近来研究证实中华鳖存在微小型染色体（ZW/ZZ）,确认为GSD机制,然而其分子机制尚不清楚。而且许多研究都集中在脊椎动物性别分化中已知功能的保守基因,如Dmrt1、Sox9、Mis、Amh、Cyp19a1和Foxl2,其它基因很少被细致研究,导致对整个基因表达的理解有限;再次,在中华鳖胚胎发育温度敏感期（Temperature sensitive period,TSP）,外源性激素可定向诱导性别分化。总之,这些研究表明,GSD 和 ESD机制之间的界限是模糊的,温度和激素到底如何触动性别发育一直是一个未被解决的关键问题。综述前人在爬行动物性别决定机制方面的最新研究成果,目的为攻克中华鳖单性苗种培育技术,为我国中华鳖良种选育提供科学依据。

关键词: 中华鳖, 性别决定, 性别分化, 温度敏感期, 外源性激素

Abstract: The diversity of inputs that guide sexual fate during development is both intriguing and daunting. Reptiles,as poikilothermal animals,differing from mammalian conservative genotypic sex determination （GSD）,are in the transition period of environmental sex determination （ESD）and GSD. Its sex determination is sensitive to environmental factors,such as temperature and contaminants. Pelodiscus sinensis,a precious aquatic economic animal,is of great significance in research on sex determination in reptile biology. With further research on the machinery of sex determination in P. sinensis over the world,several studies have provided evidence of P. sinensis can be classified as temperature-dependent sex determination（TSD）,largely due to the sex ratio can be truly impacted by temperature;however,the results still vary,20%-30% individuals fail to develop along the direction of temperature. Second,the sex determination mode of P. sinensis is generally categorized as GSD,as evidenced by the existence of heteromorphic ZZ/ZW micro-sex chromosomes. However,little is known about the exact genetic mechanisms. In addition,many previous reports have focused on conserved genes with known function in sexual differentiation across vertebrates,such as Dmrt1,Sox9,Mis,Amh,Cyp19a1 and Foxl2,very few other genes have been investigated in detailed,leading to a limited understanding of overall gene expression throughout TSD. Furthermore,exogenous hormones have been demonstrated to induce sex direct differentiation during a specific embryonic period known as the temperature sensitive period（TSP）. Taking all together,these results indicate that the boundary line between GSD and ESD is blurred,a critical question of exactly how temperature cues and sex hormones trigger sex development has remained open. This review provides coherent information on the recentlydiscovered mechanisms underlying reptiles sex determination,aiming at overcoming the single breeding technology and providing scientific basis for the selection of high-quality breeding in P. sinensis.

Key words: Pelodiscus sinensis, sex determination, sex differentiation, temperature sensitive period, exogenous hormones

高丽丽, 刁晓明, 李云, 翟旭亮, 周春龙. 中华鳖性别决定中主导性因素的研究进展及思考[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(12): 41-49.

GAO Li-li, DIAO Xiao-ming, LI Yun, ZHAI Xu-liang, ZHOU Chun-long. Advances and Reflect on Dominant Factors Determining the Sex of Pelodiscus sinensis[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(12): 41-49.

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