番茄青枯病发生对土壤真菌群落多样性的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1595

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤真菌群落对于维持土壤地力及作物健康有着重要的作用，但青枯病发生对土壤真菌群落影响的研究仍相对较少。应用实时荧光定量PCR及MiSeq高通量测序技术，研究了罹患青枯病与未患病番茄植株土体和根际的真菌群落组成。青枯病发生明显改变了番茄土体与根际土壤的真菌群落组成。与未患病根际土壤相比，患病番茄根际土壤的真菌丰度、Chao1值及Shannon值显著降低；潜在土著有益真菌如粘鞭霉属、被孢霉属、顶孢霉属和木霉属的相对丰度显著降低，而有害真菌镰刀菌属的相对丰度显著增加。综上，细菌性青枯病发生影响了土壤真菌群落的组成，其真菌丰度、多样性及土著有益真菌数量降低，而有害真菌数量增加，为阐明土传青枯病发生的微生态机制提供了一定的理论指导。

关键词: 青枯病, 真菌丰度, 真菌多样性, 群落组成

Abstract:

The soil fungal community plays an important role in maintaining soil fertility and plant health，however，the effect of bacterial wilt from Ralstonia solanacearum infection on the soil fungal community still is little. Real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing technology of MiSeq were used to study the fungal community composition in the bulk and rhizosphere soils cropped with diseased and non-diseased tomato. The results showed that the occurrence of R. solanacearum infection significantly affected the fungal community composition of bulk and rhizosphere soil. Compared to the non-diseased tomato rhizosphere soil，the fungal abundance，alpha diversity of Chao1 and Shannon in the diseased tomato rhizosphere soil significantly reduced. And the relative abundances of indigenous beneficial fungi such as Gliocladium，Mortierella，Acremonium and Trichoderma significantly reduced whereas the relative abundance of the harmful fungus of Fusarium significantly increased. In summary，the occurrence of R. solanacearum infection altered the composition of the soil fungal community. The fungal abundance，alpha diversity，and the relative abundance of indigenous beneficial fungi depleted while the relative abundance of harmful fungi enriched. The results may provide the elucidation of the microecological mechanism of outbreak of soil-borne bacterial wilt.

Key words: Ralstonia solanacearum, fungal abundance, fungal diversity, community composition

李婷婷, 邓旭辉, 李若尘, 刘红军, 沈宗专, 李荣, 沈其荣. 番茄青枯病发生对土壤真菌群落多样性的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(10): 195-203.

LI Ting-ting, DENG Xu-hui, LI Ruo-chen, LIU Hong-jun, SHEN Zong-zhuan, LI Rong, SHEN Qi-rong. Effects of Ralstonia solanacearum Infection on Soil Fungal Community Diversity[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(10): 195-203.

图/表 6

图1 罹病与健康番茄土体及根际土壤真菌丰度 BD：罹病番茄土体土壤；BH：健康番茄土体土壤；RD：罹病番茄根际土壤；RH：健康番茄根际土壤。***、**、*表示处理之间在P < 0.001、P < 0.01、P < 0.05水平上存在显著差异。下同

Fig.1 Fungal abundance in bulk and rhizosphere soils cropped with diseased and non-diseased tomato BD：Diseased tomato bulk soil；BH：non-diseased tomato bulk soil；RD：diseased tomato rhizosphere soil；RH：non-diseased tomato rhizosphere soil. ***，**，and * indicate that there are significant differences between the treatments at the levels of P <0.001，P <0.01，and P <0.05. The same below

图2 罹病与健康番茄土体及根际土壤真菌群落多样性指数

Fig.2 Diversity index for fungal communities in the bulk and rhizosphere soils cropped with diseased and non-diseased tomato

图3 罹病与健康番茄土体及根际土壤真菌群落主成分图

Fig.3 Principal coordinate analysis（PCoA）for fungal communities in the bulk and rhizosphere soils cropped with diseased and non-diseased tomato

图4 罹病与健康番茄土体及根际土壤真菌优势目的堆积图（a）和差异分析（b）

Fig.4 Relative abundances of dominated orders for fungal communities in the bulk（a）and rhizosphere soils crop-ped with diseased and non-diseased tomato（b）

图5 罹病与健康番茄土体及根际土壤真菌组成维恩图（a）与部分优势属的相对丰度热图（b）热图单元格中颜色表示该属在土壤中的相对丰度。热图的聚类依据各样品中属的相对丰度聚类而成

Fig.5 Venn plot of fungal composition (a) and relative abu-ndances heatmap (b) of partial dominated genera for fungal communities in the bulk and rhizosphere soils cropped with diseased and non-diseased tomato The colors in the heat map cell indicate the relative abundances of the genera in the soil. The clustering of the heat map is based on the relative abundances of the genera in each sample

图6 罹病与健康番茄土体（a）及根际土壤真菌OTU火山图（b）图中灰色圆点表示该OTU在罹病与健康处理间无显著差异。红色圆点表示该OTU在罹病处理中显著增加，而蓝色圆点表示该OTU在罹病处理中显著减少

Fig. 6 Volcano plot of fungal OTUs in the bulk（a）and rhizosphere soils（b）cropped with diseased and non-diseased soils tomato The gray dot in the figure indicates that the OTU has no significant difference between the diseased and non-diseased treatments. The red dot indicates that the OTU significantly increased in the diseased treatment，and the blue dot indicates that the OTU significantly reduced in the diseased treatment

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