合成生物学驱动下高质量酵母蛋白的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0760

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

酵母蛋白作为一种新质蛋白，其必需氨基酸含量高、分布理想且富含支链氨基酸，同时兼具环境可持续性，有效缓解了蛋白质资源短缺及环境压力等问题。目前，在合成生物学技术的驱动下，酵母蛋白在食品工业领域得到了快速发展。本文系统介绍了酵母蛋白的营养组成与功能特性，重点阐述了通过自然界筛选、诱变筛选、适应性实验室进化、理性改造及发酵工艺优化等策略实现高产酵母蛋白的目标。在此基础上，讨论并总结了修饰改性技术对酵母蛋白物化特性与结构的影响。未来，可通过开发高效精准的高通量筛选技术，深入解析蛋白合成的关键基因及其调控网络，实现对酵母菌株的定向调控；同时优化发酵工艺参数，开发有效的蛋白改性技术，以促进酵母蛋白在食品、饲料等领域的广泛应用。

关键词: 酵母蛋白, 功能特性, 高产策略, 修饰改性

Abstract:

Yeast protein is an emerging protein resource characterized by high essential amino acid content, balanced amino acid distribution, and abundant branched-chain amino acids. Additionally, yeast protein production is environmentally sustainable, effectively alleviating protein resource shortages and reducing environmental pressures. Currently, driven by synthetic biology technologies, yeast proteins have experienced rapid development in the food industry. This review systematically summarizes the nutritional composition and functional properties of yeast protein, with a primary focus on strategies aimed at enhancing protein yield, including natural strain selection, mutagenesis screening, adaptive laboratory evolution, rational metabolic engineering, and fermentation process optimization. Furthermore, this paper discusses and summarizes the impacts of modification technologies on the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of protein. Future research directions include developing efficient and precise high-throughput screening technologies, elucidating key genes and regulatory networks involved in protein synthesis for targeted manipulation of yeast strains, optimizing fermentation parameters, and developing effective protein modification techniques to facilitate broad applications of yeast protein in food, feed, and related fields.

Key words: yeast protein, functional properties, high-yield strategy, modification technology

盛宇华, 武耀康, 吕雪芹, 刘龙, 陈坚, 刘延峰. 合成生物学驱动下高质量酵母蛋白的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(11): 4-13.

SHENG Yu-hua, WU Yao-kang, LYU Xue-qin, LIU Long, CHEN Jian, LIU Yan-feng. Advances in Synthetic Biology-driven Research on High-quality Yeast Protein[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(11): 4-13.

图/表 2

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