抑霉乳酸菌脱毒特性及青贮应用的研究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0897

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在添加植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）抑制青贮饲料霉菌的增殖,同时降解毒素,以期提高饲料安全性。利用HPLC测定植物乳杆菌无细胞上清液（CFS）中的抗菌成分,评定其对AFB1的吸附效率。之后将植物乳杆菌及黄曲霉菌（Aspergillus flavus）添加到全株玉米（Zea mays L.）青贮饲料中,在发酵0 d、24 d和48 d感官评定青贮饲料,并测定分析发酵品质、营养价值、微生物、有氧稳定性和饲料霉变情况。结果表明CFS中存在有机酸,植物乳杆菌对AFB1的吸附率达到59.40%。添加植物乳杆菌处理组青贮饲料的感官品质、微生物组成、发酵性能、营养成分、饲用价值、CNCPS、有氧稳定性及饲料霉变情况均显著优于对照组及黄曲霉菌处理组（P<0.05）,各处理组均未检测到毒素。植物乳杆菌破坏霉菌结构,从而抑制其生长,并且具有吸附毒素能力,能够有效改善全株玉米青贮饲料的发酵品质及其营养成分,避免饲料遭受霉菌侵染而导致安全性降低。

关键词: 植物乳杆菌, 黄曲霉菌, 霉菌毒素, 抑菌物质, 全株玉米青贮

Abstract:

This study aims to add Lactobacillus plantarum to inhibit the proliferation of silage mold and degrade toxins in order to improve feed safety. HPLC was adapted to determine the antibacterial components in the cell-free supernatant（CFS）of L. plantarum and to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of AFB1. After that,L. plantarum and Aspergillus flavus were added to the whole corn（Zea mays L.）silage,the silage at 0,24 and 48 d of fermentation was evaluated by sensory,and the fermentation quality,nutritional value,microorganism,aerobic stability and feed mildew condition were determined and analyzed. The results showed that there were organic acids in CFS,and the adsorption rate of AFB1 by L. plantarum reached 59.40%. The sensory quality,microbial composition,fermentation performance,nutrient composition,feed value,CNCPS,aerobic stability,and feed mildew of the silage treated with L. plantarum were significantly better than those of the control group and the A. flavus treatment group（P <0.05）,no toxin was detected in each treatment group. L. plantarum destroyed the mold structure,thereby inhibiting its growth,and had the ability to adsorb toxins,which effectively improved the fermentation quality and nutritional components of the whole plant corn silage,and prevented the feed from being infected by molds that leads to reduced safety.

Key words: Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus flavus, mycotoxins, antibacterial substances, whole crop corn silage

赵雅茹, 许庆方, 高文俊, 郭刚, 陈雷, 玉柱. 抑霉乳酸菌脱毒特性及青贮应用的研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(9): 95-105.

ZHAO Ya-ru, XU Qing-fang, GAO Wen-jun, GUO Gang, CHEN Lei, YU Zhu. Study on the Detoxification Characteristics of Antifungal Lactic Acid Bacteria and the Application of Silage[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(9): 95-105.

图/表 16

参考文献 46

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序号 No.	检测项目 Detected item/（μg·kg^-1）	检验结果 Test result
1	黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）	26.0
2	黄曲霉毒素B2（AFB2）	2.8
3	黄曲霉毒素G1（AFG1）	未检出（检出限：0.3）
4	黄曲霉毒素G2（AFG2）	未检出（检出限：0.3）
5	黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM1）	未检出（检出限：0.3）

序号 No.	检测项目 Detected item/（μg·kg^-1）	检验结果 Test result
1	黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）	26.0
2	黄曲霉毒素B2（AFB2）	2.8
3	黄曲霉毒素G1（AFG1）	未检出（检出限：0.3）
4	黄曲霉毒素G2（AFG2）	未检出（检出限：0.3）
5	黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM1）	未检出（检出限：0.3）

pH	抑菌活性Inhibition of mould activity/mm
CFS（3.5）	+ + +
4.0	+ + +
5.0	+
6.0	-

pH	抑菌活性Inhibition of mould activity/mm
CFS（3.5）	+ + +
4.0	+ + +
5.0	+
6.0	-

天数Days/d	微生物Microorganism	CK	L	A	L+A
0	乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria	3.24±0.15^b	4.27±0.09^a	3.23±0.13^b	4.27±0.05^a
24		6.45±0.17^d	8.51±0.23^a	7.60±0.06^c	8.47±0.09^b
48		5.23±0.07^b	6.33±0.16^a	5.29±0.06^b	6.30±0.04^a
0	霉菌Mold	1.42±0.42^a	1.43±0.25^a	1.47±0.12^a	1.44±0.06^a
24		0	0	0	0
48		0	0	0	0