趋磁细菌运动特性的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0693

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

细菌的运动性是影响其生存及致病的一个关键条件,同时也为合成和开发仿生运动体、微型机器人等提供了有效的模型。趋磁细菌具有胞内磁小体从而能够感知磁场的变化,进而影响其运动行为。目前,这种外部磁场与生物体的远程响应模式已在环境、医疗、材料等领域有广泛应用。因此,聚焦于趋磁细菌的运动特性,综述了趋磁细菌运动行为的表征、运动机理以及应用等方面的最新研究进展,并对该领域的发展和面临的挑战进行了展望。

关键词: 趋磁细菌, 磁小体, 运动机制, 纳米机器人

Abstract:

The motility of bacteria is a key factor that affects their survival and pathogenicity. It also provides an effective model for the synthesis and development of biomimic sports-bodies and micro-robots. Magnetotactic bacteria contain intracellular magnetosomes and are able to respond to an external magnetic field,which then alter their motility behavior under the magnetic field. Currently,this long-range response of living organisms to an external magnetic field has broad applications in the fields of environment,medical treatment,materials,etc. In this review,we focus on the motility of magnetotactic bacteria,and review the latest progress on the characterization and mechanisms of the motility of magnetotactic bacteria,as well as their associated applications. At the end,we address the future directions and challenges of this field.

Key words: magnetotactic bacteria, magnetosome, mechanism of motility, nano-robot

刘琴, 赵坤. 趋磁细菌运动特性的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(3): 198-205.

LIU Qin, ZHAO Kun. Research Progress on the Movement Characteristics of Magnetotactic Bacteria[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(3): 198-205.

图/表 3

图1 趋磁细菌的三种趋磁趋氧机制[30]

图2 趋磁细菌流体环境下的运动特点[36] A：水流与磁场方向垂直时运动情况;B：水流与磁场方向相反时趋磁细菌与大肠杆菌运动情况对比

图3 趋磁细菌的运动模型相关实例 A：细菌检测、追踪及后续分析流程图[41];B：趋磁细菌“U”形转弯的实验轨迹与计算机拟合轨迹的叠加[42];C：“U”形转弯过程中角度随时间的变化[43];D：细菌在旋转磁场中的三维运动[44]

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