高直链淀粉禾谷类作物种质创新与利用研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1399

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前,营养过剩和营养不均衡导致的慢性病和糖尿病人数逐年增长,开发适合慢性病人的食物,开展功能型农业生物的品种设计和选育工作,越来越受到重视。高抗性淀粉水稻和小麦被认为是对慢性病很有效的功能型食品,而高直链淀粉玉米则用途更为广泛。综合近年来对禾谷类作物淀粉合成调控网络及关键基因的研究发现,籽粒中淀粉分支酶的表达对直链淀粉的积累、抗性淀粉的形成和脂肪酸、氨基酸等营养成分,以及甾体等代谢物的改变均具有重要作用。本文对参与禾谷类作物胚乳中淀粉合成代谢的酶类、提高直链淀粉含量的方法、高抗性淀粉水稻、小麦和高直链淀粉玉米种质的创新及利用等方面进行综述,并对今后的研究方向进行展望。

关键词: 高直链淀粉, 抗性淀粉, 禾谷类作物, 种质创新与利用

Abstract:

At present,the number of chronic diseases and diabetes caused by over nutrition and unbalanced nutrition is increasing year by year. More and more attention has been paid to development of food suitable for chronic patients as well as the design and breeding of organism varieties in functional agriculture. High resistant starch rice and wheat are considered to be very effective functional foods for chronic diseases,and high amylose maize is more widely used in industries. Based on the studies on the regulatory network and key genes of starch synthesis in cereal crops in recent years,it is found that the expression of starch branching enzymes in grains plays an important role in the accumulation of amylose,formation of resistant starch and the changes of nutrients and valuable metabolites such as fatty acids,amino acids and plant steroids. This article reviews the enzymes involved in starch synthesis and metabolism in the endosperm of cereal crops,the method of increasing amylose content,and germplasm innovation and utilization of high resistant starch rice and wheat,high amylose maize in China,and also prospects the future research direction.

Key words: high amylose, resistant starch, cereal crops, germplasm innovation and utilization

徐妙云, 邢利娟, 杨明雨, 张凌萱, 王磊, 刘悦萍. 高直链淀粉禾谷类作物种质创新与利用研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(4): 20-28.

XU Miao-yun, XING Li-juan, YANG Ming-yu, ZHANG Ling-xuan, WANG Lei, LIU Yue-ping. Research Progress in Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of High Amylose Cereal Crops[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(4): 20-28.

图/表 1

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