微生物-生物炭协同修复农业环境中的多元污染物

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0691

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业环境污染对我国粮食生产构成了重大挑战，对其开展有效治理已刻不容缓。基于微生物的农业环境污染修复技术效率高、成本低，且不造成二次污染，是当前研究的热点。微生物耦合生物炭可进一步提高其消减环境污染物的效率，且取得了一定的效果。在此背景下，本文首先综述了功能微生物在修复环境污染物中的作用及生物炭负载微生物在当前环境修复中的应用现状，然后讨论了生物炭负载微生物技术在修复效率与资源利用方面的优势与面临的挑战。在此基础上，本文结合当前技术的发展提出微生物与生物炭协同修复技术可深入研究的方向，为了解相关修复技术的有效性及安全性提供依据。

关键词: 土壤重金属, 农药残留, 水体富营养化, 抗生素残留

Abstract:

Agricultural environmental pollution has posed a great challenge to crop production in China, and it is urgent to take effective control of it. Microbe-based environmental remediation technologies, without secondary pollution, are characterized by high efficiency and low operation cost, which has attracted increasing interest. Moreover, the combination of functional microbe and biochar can further improve the efficiency in eliminating environmental pollutants, and positive results have been achieved. In this context, we first summarized the role of functional microorganisms in the remediation of environmental pollutants and the current application status of biochar-loaded microorganisms in the environmental remediation. We then discussed the advantages and challenges of biochar-loaded microorganism technology in the remediation efficiency and resource utilization. Based on the development of current technology, we proposed the direction of further research on the biochar-loaded microorganism remediation technology, providing a basis for in-depth understanding of the effectiveness and safety of relevant techniques.

Key words: soil heavy metal, pesticide residues, water eutrophication, antibiotic residues

李冲, 杨亚楠, 王翠霞, 郑海鑫. 微生物-生物炭协同修复农业环境中的多元污染物[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(10): 86-97.

LI Chong, YANG Ya-nan, WANG Cui-xia, ZHENG Hai-xin. Synergistic Remediation of Multiple Pollutants in Agricultural Environment by Microorganisms and Biochar[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(10): 86-97.

图/表 5

参考文献 76

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污染物 Pollutant	功能微生物 Microorganism	生物炭类型 Biochar type	负载方式 Loaded method	去除率 Removal ratio/%	参考文献 Reference
镉 Cd	芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp. K1	磁性稻草秸秆Magnetic rice straw	包埋法Embedding	88.1	[37]
镉 Cd	丛毛单胞菌Testosteroni ZG2	鸡的粪便衍生物 Chicken manure-derived	吸附法Adsorption	81.4	[38]
镉 Cd	芽孢杆菌Megaterium	玉米秸秆Maize straw	吸附法Adsorption	25.53	[39]
镉 Cd	MA菌群（Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and Citrobacter sp.）	玉米秸秆Maize straw	吸附法Adsorption	54.2	[40]
汞 Hg	Lecythophora sp. DC-F1	松木Pine sawdust	混合法Hybridization	13.3-26.1	[41]
砷 As	Bacillus aryabhattai	贝壳Shell	吸附法Adsorption	63.51	[42]
菲 PHE	Mycobacterium gilvum	水稻秸秆、污泥、猪粪 Rice straw, sewage sludge, and pig manure	吸附法Adsorption	62.6	[43]
16 US-EPA PAHs	J-3菌群（主要含Shinella, Azospirillum,and Rhodospirillales_norank）	玉米秸秆Corn straw	吸附法Adsorption	88.25	[44]
菲 PHE	Pseudomonas putida	竹子Bamboo	吸附法Adsorption	96.82	[45]
菲 PHE	Suaeda salsa L.	棉秆Cotton stalk	吸附法Adsorption	91.67	[46]
多环芳烃 PAHs	Bacillus sp. KSB7	花生壳Peanut shell	吸附法Adsorption	36.7	[47]
芘Pyrene	Bacillus sp. W1 Bacillus sp. W2	菠萝皮Pineapple peels	吸附法Adsorption	82.32	[48]
2,2',4,4'四溴化二苯醚 BDE-47	假单胞菌Plecoglossicida	水葫芦Eichhornia crassipes	吸附法Adsorption	42.8	[49]
六氯环己烷 α-HCH	鞘氨醇单胞菌Sphingomonas（TSK-1）诺卡菌Nocardioides（PD653）	椰子壳Coconut shell	吸附法Adsorption	67.1	[50]

污染物 Pollutant	功能微生物 Microorganism	生物炭类型 Biochar type	负载方式 Loaded method	去除率 Removal ratio/%	参考文献 Reference
镉 Cd	芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp. K1	磁性稻草秸秆Magnetic rice straw	包埋法Embedding	88.1	[37]
镉 Cd	丛毛单胞菌Testosteroni ZG2	鸡的粪便衍生物 Chicken manure-derived	吸附法Adsorption	81.4	[38]
镉 Cd	芽孢杆菌Megaterium	玉米秸秆Maize straw	吸附法Adsorption	25.53	[39]
镉 Cd	MA菌群（Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and Citrobacter sp.）	玉米秸秆Maize straw	吸附法Adsorption	54.2	[40]
汞 Hg	Lecythophora sp. DC-F1	松木Pine sawdust	混合法Hybridization	13.3-26.1	[41]
砷 As	Bacillus aryabhattai	贝壳Shell	吸附法Adsorption	63.51	[42]
菲 PHE	Mycobacterium gilvum	水稻秸秆、污泥、猪粪 Rice straw, sewage sludge, and pig manure	吸附法Adsorption	62.6	[43]
16 US-EPA PAHs	J-3菌群（主要含Shinella, Azospirillum,and Rhodospirillales_norank）	玉米秸秆Corn straw	吸附法Adsorption	88.25	[44]
菲 PHE	Pseudomonas putida	竹子Bamboo	吸附法Adsorption	96.82	[45]
菲 PHE	Suaeda salsa L.	棉秆Cotton stalk	吸附法Adsorption	91.67	[46]
多环芳烃 PAHs	Bacillus sp. KSB7	花生壳Peanut shell	吸附法Adsorption	36.7	[47]
芘Pyrene	Bacillus sp. W1 Bacillus sp. W2	菠萝皮Pineapple peels	吸附法Adsorption	82.32	[48]
2,2',4,4'四溴化二苯醚 BDE-47	假单胞菌Plecoglossicida	水葫芦Eichhornia crassipes	吸附法Adsorption	42.8	[49]
六氯环己烷 α-HCH	鞘氨醇单胞菌Sphingomonas（TSK-1）诺卡菌Nocardioides（PD653）	椰子壳Coconut shell	吸附法Adsorption	67.1	[50]

污染物 Pollutant	功能微生物 Microorganisms	生物炭类型 Biochar type	负载方式 Loaded method	去除率 Removal ratio/%	参考文献 Reference
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	异养硝化细菌 Heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria	稻壳衍生 Rice husk-derived	吸附法 Adsorption	90.93	[52]
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	鞘氨单胞菌 Sphingomonas sp.	玉米秸秆 Maize straw	吸附法 Adsorption	63	[53]
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	苍白杆菌 Ochrobactrum sp.	芦苇秸秆 Reed straw	包埋法 Embedding	79.39	[54]
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	硝化细菌 Nitrifying bacteria	稻壳衍生 Rice hull derived	包埋法 Embedding	85	[55]
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	脱氮副球菌、假单胞菌和拉乌尔菌 Paracoccus denitrificans, Pseudomonas and Raoultella	花生壳 Peanut shell	吸附法包埋法 Adsorption Embedding	97.9-99.1	[56]
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	木槿假单胞菌L1菌 Pseudomonas hibiscicola strain L1	花生壳 Peanut shell	吸附法 Adsorption	99.99	[57]
氯四环素 Chlortetracycline	蜡样芽孢杆菌 Bacillus cereus	药渣 Erding medicine residues	吸附法 Adsorption	83.83	[58]
三氯二苯脲 Initial triclocarban	荧光假单胞菌 Pseudomonas fluorescens strain MC46	桉树枝 Eucalyptus branches	吸附法 Adsorption	96	[59]
氯四环素 Chlortetracycline	蜡样芽孢杆菌 Bacillus cereus	中药渣 Chinese medicine residues	吸附法 Adsorption	85.42 ± 0.82	[60]
氯四环素 Chlortetracycline	枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis	金银花残渣 Honeysuckle residue-derived	吸附法 Adsorption	78.35	[61]
土霉素 Oxytetracycline	分枝杆菌 Mycolicibacterium sp.	磁性 Magnetic	吸附法 Adsorption	95.7	[62]
土霉素 Oxytetracycline	反硝化无色杆菌 Achromobacter denitrificans	秸秆 Rice straw	吸附法 Adsorption	95.01-100	[63]
磺胺甲噁唑 Sulfamethoxazole	希瓦氏菌MR-1 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	纳米级零价富铁 Nanoscale zero-valent iron-enriched	吸附法 Adsorption	100	[64]
磺胺甲噁唑 Sulfamethoxazole	副霉芽孢杆菌SDB4 Bacillus sp. SDB4	猪粪 Pig manure	吸附法 Adsorption	100	[65]
土霉素 Oxytetracycline	硝化微生物组 Nitrifying microbiome	碱性改性 Alkaline-modified	包埋法 Embedding method	>95	[66]
环丙沙星 Ciprofloxacin	克雷伯氏菌FC61 Klebsiella sp. FC61	纳米四氧化铁改性稻壳Nano iron tetroxide-modified rice husk	吸附法 Adsorption method	81.82	[67]

污染物 Pollutant	功能微生物 Microorganisms	生物炭类型 Biochar type	负载方式 Loaded method	去除率 Removal ratio/%	参考文献 Reference
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	异养硝化细菌 Heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria	稻壳衍生 Rice husk-derived	吸附法 Adsorption	90.93	[52]
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	鞘氨单胞菌 Sphingomonas sp.	玉米秸秆 Maize straw	吸附法 Adsorption	63	[53]
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	苍白杆菌 Ochrobactrum sp.	芦苇秸秆 Reed straw	包埋法 Embedding	79.39	[54]
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	硝化细菌 Nitrifying bacteria	稻壳衍生 Rice hull derived	包埋法 Embedding	85	[55]
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	脱氮副球菌、假单胞菌和拉乌尔菌 Paracoccus denitrificans, Pseudomonas and Raoultella	花生壳 Peanut shell	吸附法包埋法 Adsorption Embedding	97.9-99.1	[56]
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	木槿假单胞菌L1菌 Pseudomonas hibiscicola strain L1	花生壳 Peanut shell	吸附法 Adsorption	99.99	[57]
氯四环素 Chlortetracycline	蜡样芽孢杆菌 Bacillus cereus	药渣 Erding medicine residues	吸附法 Adsorption	83.83	[58]
三氯二苯脲 Initial triclocarban	荧光假单胞菌 Pseudomonas fluorescens strain MC46	桉树枝 Eucalyptus branches	吸附法 Adsorption	96	[59]
氯四环素 Chlortetracycline	蜡样芽孢杆菌 Bacillus cereus	中药渣 Chinese medicine residues	吸附法 Adsorption	85.42 ± 0.82	[60]
氯四环素 Chlortetracycline	枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis	金银花残渣 Honeysuckle residue-derived	吸附法 Adsorption	78.35	[61]
土霉素 Oxytetracycline	分枝杆菌 Mycolicibacterium sp.	磁性 Magnetic	吸附法 Adsorption	95.7	[62]
土霉素 Oxytetracycline	反硝化无色杆菌 Achromobacter denitrificans	秸秆 Rice straw	吸附法 Adsorption	95.01-100	[63]
磺胺甲噁唑 Sulfamethoxazole	希瓦氏菌MR-1 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	纳米级零价富铁 Nanoscale zero-valent iron-enriched	吸附法 Adsorption	100	[64]
磺胺甲噁唑 Sulfamethoxazole	副霉芽孢杆菌SDB4 Bacillus sp. SDB4	猪粪 Pig manure	吸附法 Adsorption	100	[65]
土霉素 Oxytetracycline	硝化微生物组 Nitrifying microbiome	碱性改性 Alkaline-modified	包埋法 Embedding method	>95	[66]
环丙沙星 Ciprofloxacin	克雷伯氏菌FC61 Klebsiella sp. FC61	纳米四氧化铁改性稻壳Nano iron tetroxide-modified rice husk	吸附法 Adsorption method	81.82	[67]