生物技术通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (11): 1-9.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0924

• 综述与专论 •    下一篇

草甘膦在我国生物育种产业化应用中的机遇与挑战

张雅涵1(), 朱丽霞3, 胡静1, 朱亚静1, 张雪婧2, 曹叶中2()   

  1. 1.苏州市知识产权保护中心,苏州 215100
    2.苏州市食品检验检测中心,苏州 215100
    3.国家知识产权局专利局专利审查协作江苏中心,苏州 215100
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-26 出版日期:2022-11-26 发布日期:2022-12-01
  • 作者简介:张雅涵,女,博士,研究方向:生物工程;E-mail:smilence333@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    苏州市科技计划项目(SNG201928)

Opportunities and Challenges of Glyphosate in the Application of Biotechnology Breeding in China

ZHANG Ya-han1(), ZHU Li-xia3, HU Jing1, ZHU Ya-jing1, ZHANG Xue-jing2, CAO Ye-zhong2()   

  1. 1. Suzhou Intellectual Property Protection Center,Suzhou 215100
    2. Suzhou Institute For Food Control,Suzhou 215100
    3. Patent Exzmination Cooperation Jiangsu Center of the Patent Office,CNIPA,Suzhou 215100
  • Received:2022-07-26 Published:2022-11-26 Online:2022-12-01

摘要:

草甘膦作为一种广谱除草剂广泛用于各种环境杂草治理,由于其出色的除草效果、安全性和可以在耐草甘膦转基因作物上使用的优点,成为了全球范围内用量最大的除草剂。我国是草甘膦的最大生产国,主要用于出口。国内的草甘膦主要是在非转基因作物种前与收后使用,然而随着有序推进生物育种产业应用的中央决策部署明确后,草甘膦在我国市场上将会迎来一个爆发期。同时由于“草甘膦安全之争”对草甘膦的广泛应用产生了消极影响,所以草甘膦在我国生物育种应用中存在巨大机遇的同时伴随着巨大的挑战。本文从草甘膦的问世、应用现状、作用机理、与耐草甘膦作物之间的关系以及我国生物育种现状等多个维度全面梳理草甘膦的发展历史与应用现状,建立公众对草甘膦的客观认识,促进我国生物育种产业化应用有序推进。

关键词: 草甘膦, 生物育种, 转基因, 农药残留, 食品安全

Abstract:

Glyphosate, as a broad-spectrum herbicide, is widely used in various environmental weed control. Because of its excellent weeding effect, safety and the advantages of being used in glyphosate tolerant transgenic crops, it has become the largest herbicide in the world. China is the largest producer of glyphosate, mainly for export. Glyphosate in China is mainly used before planting and after harvest of non GM crops. However, with the central decision-making and deployment of the country to orderly promote the application of biotechnology breeding, glyphosate will step to an outbreak period in China's market. Meanwhile, the ‘glyphosate safety dispute’ still has a negative impact on the wide application of glyphosate, hence glyphosate has great opportunities and challenges in the application of biotechnology breeding in China. This paper will comprehensively sort out the past and present lives of glyphosate from the aspects of its emergence, application status, action mechanism, relationship with glyphosate tolerant crops and the current situation of biotechnology breeding, so as to establish an objective public understanding of glyphosate and orderly promote application of biotechnology biological breeding in China.

Key words: glyphosate, biotechnology breeding, transgene, pesticide residues, food safety