病毒与植物互作的表观遗传调控机制研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0081

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

表观遗传调控能调控基因表达、防御病毒，并在植物应答逆境过程中发挥关键作用，主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、RNA修饰及染色质重塑等。植物主要利用转录后水平基因沉默（post-transcriptional gene silencing, PTGS）和转录水平基因沉默（transcriptional gene silencing, TGS）来抑制病毒的复制及传播。病毒经过长期进化形成多种基因沉默抑制子，对抗或逃避宿主的沉默机制。本文重点介绍了RNA介导的DNA甲基化（RNA-directed DNA methylation, RdDM）途径的调控机制在病毒防御过程中的重要作用，以及病毒编码的沉默抑制子通过与宿主蛋白互作或干扰siRNA的积累来抑制RdDM途径介导的防御机制。本文系统概述了组蛋白修饰和RNA修饰参与植物生长发育和免疫调控，并结合课题组之前研究归纳总结了植物利用DNA去甲基化调控水杨酸（salicylic acid, SA）途径防御基因的表达，增强植物的系统抗性。本综述旨在通过讨论分析病毒与宿主表观遗传调控的互作机制，以及如何利用表观调控增强植物对逆境胁迫的适应性，为作物抗逆育种提供新的策略。

关键词: 表观调控, RNA介导的DNA甲基化, 防御机制, 沉默抑制子

Abstract:

Epigenetic regulation can regulate gene expression, defend against viruses, and play a crucial role in plant responses to stresses, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA modifications, and chromatin remodeling. Plants mainly use post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) to suppress viral replication and transmission. During long-term evolution, viruses encode various gene silencing suppressors to counteract or evade host silencing mechanisms. This paper focuses on introducing the regulatory mechanism of the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, which plays an important role in virus defense, and how silencing suppressors encoded by viruses inhibit the RdDM-mediated defense mechanism. This paper systematically reviews how histone modifications and RNA modifications participate in the regulation of plant growth, development, and immunity, and summarizes, based on our previous study, that plants use DNA demethylation to regulate the expression of defense genes in the salicylic acid pathway and to enhance systemic acquired resistance (SAR). This review aims to provide new strategies for crop stress breeding by discussing and analyzing the interaction mechanisms between viruses and host epigenetic regulation, and how to use epigenetic regulation to enhance plant adaptation to stresses.

Key words: epigenetic regulation, RNA-directed DNA methylation, defense mechanism, silencing suppressor

王伟妍, 柴野, 陈美洁, 肖竹猗, 金太成, 杨丽萍. 病毒与植物互作的表观遗传调控机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(7): 1-10.

WANG Wei-yan, CHAI Ye, CHEN Mei-jie, XIAO Zhu-yi, JIN Tai-cheng, YANG Li-ping. Research Progress in Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms of Virus-Plant Interactions[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(7): 1-10.

图/表 2

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