Abstract: This work aims to compare the biological characteristics of brown adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells（BADSCs）between young and elder mice. Cell flow was used to detect the third-generation BADSCs surface antigen expression，MTT test to determine cell proliferation，7-ADD-AnnexinV double staining to observe the apoptosis，β-glucoside enzyme staining method to detect BADSCs cell aging，and osteogenesis and adiposesis differentiation between 2 groups were compared. As results，the expression levels of surface antigen CD29，CD105 and CD44 of the 3rd generation BADSCs in the young and elder mice were all positive，while CD73 was in low expression. The MTT method showed that the proliferation capacity of BADSCs in the elder mice was not significantly different from that in the young ones. 7-ADD-AnnexinV double staining demonstrated that the proportion of BADSCs early apoptosis in the young mice was 4.63±0.87%，and that for the elder ones was 9.88±0.81%，i.e.，there was significant difference（P < 0.05）. The dyed blue cell number in the young group was 2.33±0.3，and that in the elder group was 6.66±1.2，i.e.，difference was significant（P < 0.05）.The OD value of osteogenetic differentiation in the young group was 1.26±0.066，and that in the elder group was 0.88±0.047，thus this was significantly different（P< 0.05）. The OD value of adipogenic differentiation in the young group was 0.9808±0.066，and that in the elder group was 0.769±0.035，i.e.，difference was significant（P<0.05）. In conclusion，BADSCs in the young group were more inclined to osteogenetic differentiation，while BADSCs in the elder group was more inclined to adipogenic differentiation；the proportion of apoptosis and senescence cells in the elder mice increased，while osteogenesis and adipogenesis decreased.