Effects of Planting Density,Amount of Nitrogen Application and Left Leaf Number on the Highlighting of Flavor Style in Qushou 1

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1245

Abstract

Abstract:

The Sibyl like compounds,their degradation products and petroleum ether extracts are important aroma compounds in tobacco. In this study,the effects of planting density,amount of nitrogen application and number of left leaves on the Sibyl like compounds and petroleum ether extracts of tobacco leaves were investigated,for providing effective measures to further highlight the strong flavor style of tobacco leaves. Taking flue-cured tobacco variety Qushou 1 as test material,the above three factors were set at three different levels according to L9(3 ⁴)orthogonal design. The morphology and density of glandular hair in different treatments were observed,and the secretion of glandular hair in different treatments was measured. The expression levels of gene CYC-1,CYP71D16,etc. related to the metabolism of cembratriene-diols were compared by using fluorescence quantitative PCR,the contents of petroleum ether extract and solanone in flue-cured tobacco leaves with different treatments were compared,and the sensory quality was evaluated. Planting density was the key factor affecting the total density of glandular hairs,the content of alkanes on leaf surface and petroleum ether extract of flue-cured tobacco. The number of left leaves had the greatest influence on the content of solanone. The amount of nitrogen application was the key factor affecting the total amount of cembratriene-diols,total amount of leaf exudates,relative expressions of CYC-1 and CYP71D16,and sensory quality evaluation. Via appropriate cultivation measures the up-regulation of genes related to the metabolism of cembratriene-diols can be promoted,the secretion of flue-cured tobacco leaves improved,and the contents of petroleum ether extract and solanone increased,thus the sensory quality improved,further and the flavor style of tobacco leaves highlighted.

Key words: planting density, amount of nitrogen application, number of left leaves, leaf surface exudate, cembratriene-diols, petroleum ether extract, solanone

ZHANG Qian, XUE Yu, HE Ling-xiao, WU Jiang, CHENG Yu-yuan, YANG Tie-zhao, DING Yong-le, XU Shi-xiao, XUE Gang. Effects of Planting Density,Amount of Nitrogen Application and Left Leaf Number on the Highlighting of Flavor Style in Qushou 1[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(6): 24-35.

Figures/Tables 15

References 40

[1]	张景华. 豫烟11号高香气特性分析与彰显技术研究[D]. 郑州:河南农业大学, 2016.
	Zhang JH. Research on analysis and display technology of Yuyan11 high aroma characteristics[D]. Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University, 2016.
[2]	Tooker J, Peiffer M, Luthe DS, et al. Trichomes as sensors:detecting activity on the leaf surface[J]. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2010, 5(1):73-75.
[3]	王国平, 周东洁, 牛永志, 等. 不同烟草种质腺毛密度鉴定分析[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2018, 39(4):7-17.
	Wang GP, Zhou DJ, Niu YZ, et al. Identification and analysis of glandular trichomes density in different tobacco germplasms[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2018, 39(4):7-17.
[4]	Huchelmann A, Boutry M, Hachez C. Plant glandular trichomes:natural cell factories of high biotechnological interest[J]. Plant Physiology, 2017, 175(1):6-22. doi: 10.1104/pp.17.00727 URL
[5]	潘阳, 王召军, 李雪君, 等. 多腺毛烟草K326品种基因编辑材料的创制与分析[J]. 烟草科技, 2019, 52(6):1-8.
	Pan Y, Wang ZJ, Li XJ, et al. Creating a high trichome density variety, hairy K326, by CRISPR-Cas9 technique[J]. Tobacco Science & Technology, 2019, 52(6):1-8.
[6]	付秋娟, 杜咏梅, 刘新民, 等. 超高效液相色谱法测定烟草西柏三烯二醇[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2017, 38(3):67-73.
	Fu QJ, Du YM, Liu XM, et al. Determination of cembratriene-diol in tobacco by ultra performance liquid chromatography[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2017, 38(3):67-73.
[7]	尧珍玉, 曾池, 施鸣, 等. 烟草中关键致香物质积累、降解及其对品质影响的研究进展[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2017, 45(5):28-31.
	Yao ZY, Zeng C, Shi M, et al. Research progress on transformation and accumulation of key aroma compounds and their effects on cigarette quality in tobacco[J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(5):28-31.
[8]	赵华新, 武丹风, 姬小明, 等. 海拔对不同基因型烤烟西柏三烯二醇含量的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2014, 43(5):56-61.
	Zhao HX, Wu DF, Ji XM, et al. Effects of altitude on duvatrienediol content in different genotypes of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 43(5):56-61.
[9]	翁梦苓, 梁志敏, 崔红. 遮荫对烟草叶片腺毛形态结构及分泌物含量的影响[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2008, 42(6):613-616, 631.
	Weng ML, Liang ZM, Cui H. Effects of shading on leaf trichome morphology and structure and secretions content of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2008, 42(6):613-616, 631.
[10]	张思琦, 何佳, 周方, 等. 不同烤烟品种(系)叶片组织结构、腺毛及分泌物比较分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(1):132-140.
	Zhang SQ, He J, Zhou F, et al. Comparison analysis of leaf tissue structure, trichome and exudates of different flue-cured tobacco varieties(lines)[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2019, 21(1):132-140.
[11]	林樱楠, 陈旭, 曹鹏云, 等. 响应面法优化全自动索式提取仪测定烟草石油醚提取物条件[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2017, 38(2):75-80.
	Lin YN, Chen X, Cao PY, et al. Optimization of extraction for the petroleum ether extract from tobacco with fully-automatic soxhlet extractor by response surface methodology[J]. Tobacco Science & Technology, 2017, 38(2):75-80.
[12]	黄敏. 种植密度、施氮量及留叶数对烤烟新品种云烟99的影响[D]. 昆明:云南农业大学, 2017.
	Huang M. Effects of planting density, nitrogen application rate and leaf number on flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 99[D]. Kunming:Yunnan Agricultural University, 2017.
[13]	张纪利, 戴才萍, 李章海, 等. 生态和栽培因素对烟叶腺毛密度及分泌物的影响综述[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(23):12439-12440, 12444.
	Zhang JL, Dai CP, Li ZH, et al. Influence of ecological and cultivation factors on density and secretions of glandular trichome in tobacco leaves[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 38(23):12439-12440, 12444.
[14]	夏素素, 赵莉, 杨惠娟, 等. 基于香气物质含量和感官评价的豫西烤烟关键栽培技术优化[J]. 烟草科技, 2018, 51(6):1-8.
	Xia SS, Zhao L, Yang HJ, et al. Optimization of key cultivation techniques for flue-cured tobacco in western Henan on aroma component contents and sensory evaluation[J]. Tobacco Science & Technology, 2018, 51(6):1-8.
[15]	刘燕, 孙焕良, 李辉, 等. 烟草腺毛密度和分泌物与烟叶品质的关系[J]. 作物研究, 2012, 26(6):737-739, 748.
	Liu Y, Sun HL, Li H, et al. Relationship between the quality of tobacco and density and secretions of glandular trichome in tobacco leaves[J]. Crop Research, 2012, 26(6):737-739, 748.
[16]	王国平, 周东洁, 牛永志, 等. 不同烟草种质腺毛密度鉴定分析[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2018, 39(4):7-17.
	Wang GP, Zhou DP, Niu YZ, et al. Identification and analysis of glandular trichomes density in different tobacco germplasms[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2018, 39(4):7-17.
[17]	Court WA. Factorsaffectingtheeoncentrarionoftheduvartien-diolsoftheflue-crued Tobacco[J]. Tob Sci, 1982, 29:40-42.
[18]	卫宣志. 水肥一体化条件下氮用量和施肥方式对烟草草品质及产量的影响[D]. 郑州:河南农业大学, 2017.
	Wei XZ. Effect of nitrogen rate and fertilization methodson tobacco quality and yield under application of fertigation[D]. Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University, 2017.
[19]	杨铁钊, 李伟, 李钦奎, 等. 烤烟叶面腺毛密度及其分泌物变化动态的相关分析[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2005, 1:43-46.
	Yang TZ, Li W, Li QK, et al. Correlation analysis of the density of glandular trichome and its secretion in flue cured tobacco leave[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2005, 1:43-46.
[20]	刘翠翠. 烟草西柏三烯二醇检测方法及其积累动态、分布研究[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院, 2016.
	Liu CC. Establishment and application of a detection method for investigating the accumulation, distribution of cembratrien-diols in tobacco[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016.
[21]	史宏志, 李志, 谢子发, 等. 白肋烟留叶数对叶片中性香气成分和生物碱含量的影响[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2008, 42(2):375-379.
	Shi HZ, Li Z, Xie ZF, et al. Effect of leaf number on the contents of neutral aroma components and alkaloids in air-cured burley tobacco[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2008, 42(2):375-379.
[22]	王冬, 张小全, 彭玉富, 等. 昼夜温差和光照强度对烟草西柏三烯二醇的合成及CYC-1、CYP71D16基因表达的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2014, 29(5):150-155.
	Wang D, Zhang XQ, Peng YF, et al. Effects of temperature range and light intensity on content of CBT-diols and expressionof CYC-1 and CYP71D16 in tobacco[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2014, 29(5):150-155.
[23]	Wang E, Wang R, De Parasis J, et al. Suppression of a P450hydroxylase gene in plant trichome glands enhances natural-product-based aphid resistance[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2001, 19:371-374. doi: 10.1038/86770 URL
[24]	席奇亮, 杨铁钊, 周方, 等. 烟草专用液体肥添加黄腐酸对烤烟西柏三烯二醇代谢水平的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(4):981-991.
	Xi QL, Yang TZ, Zhou F, et al. Effect of the liquid fertilizer containing fulvic acid on metabolism ofcembratrien-diols in flue-cured tobacco[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(4):981-991.
[25]	孟寒冬, 姬兴杰. 气候变化对河南烟区烤烟石油醚提取物的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(12):140-150.
	Meng HD, Ji XJ. Effects of climate changes on the petroleum ether extract contents of flue-cured tobacco in Henan tobacco growing areas[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2019, 21(12):140-150.
[26]	刘晓云, 刘燕, 祖庆学, 等. 不同品种烤烟腺毛分泌物及部分有机酸、高级脂肪酸的比较分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(3):46-55.
	Liu XY, Liu Y, Zu QX, et al. Analysis of glandular hair secretion, some organic acids and higher fatty acids in different varieties of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020, 22(3):46-55.
[27]	赵铭钦, 王莹, 李元实, 等. 种植密度及留叶数对延边烤烟多酚及石油醚提取物含量的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2008(2):60-65.
	Zhao MQ, Wang Y, Li YS, et al. Effects of plant density and the remained leaves number on contents of polyphenols and petroleum ether extracts in flue-cured tobacco leaves[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2008(2):60-65.
[28]	曹红云, 蒋次清, 王岚, 等. 烟草中石油醚提取物测定的方法改进及不同因素对石油醚提取物的影响[J]. 云南大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 32(S1):32-36, 41.
	Cao HY, Jiang CQ, Wang L, et al. Determination method improvement of petroleum ether extract in tobacco and effectsof different factors on petroleum ether extract[J]. Journal of Yunnan University:Natural Sciences Edition, 2010, 32(S1):32-36, 41.
[29]	李佳颖, 马君红, 李志鹏, 等. 烤烟茄酮含量与化学成分和感官质量的关系[J]. 河南农业科学, 2016, 45(12):34-39.
	Li JY, Ma JH, Li ZP, et al. Relationship between solanone content and chemical constituent, sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 45(12):34-39.
[30]	许自成, 苏永士, 陈彦春, 等. 栽培和调制措施对烟草茄酮含量的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(27):13076-13078.
	Xu ZC, Su YS, Chen YC, et al. Effects of cultivation and curing practices on content of solanone in tobacco[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 37(27):13076-13078.
[31]	贺凌霄, 张谦, 彭玉富, 等. 种植密度、施氮量和留叶数对烤烟生长特性及产质量的影响[J]. 扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版, 2020, 41(2):40-45.
	He LX, Zhang Q, Peng YF, et al. Effects of planting density, nitrogen application amount, remained leaf number on characteristics, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Journal of Yangzhou University:Agricultural and Life Science Edition, 2020, 41(2):40-45.
[32]	张晨东, 乔连镇, 等. 种植密度及施氮量对红土晒烟产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(1):138-143.
	Zhang CD, Qiao LZ, et al. Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on yield and quality of sun cured tobacco in red soil[J]. Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(1):138-143.
[33]	占俊文, 梁淑平, 沈雪婷, 等. 不同施氮量对烤烟生长发育、感官评吸质量及烟碱含量的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2016, 48(4):75-79.
	Zhan JW, Liang SP, Shen XT, et al. Effects of different nitrogen rates on growth and development, smoking quality and nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 48(4):75-79.
[34]	刘国. 施氮量、种植密度对红大品种生长发育与产质量的影响[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院, 2011.
	Liu G. Effects of different nitrogen rate and density on growth, yield and quality of HonghuaDajinyuan[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, 2011
[35]	张渝婕. 密度与氮用量互作对烤烟品质效应的影响[D]. 郑州:河南农业大学, 2016.
	Zhang YJ. Effect of interaction between density and nitrogen application on quality of flue cured tobacco[D]. Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University, 2016.
[36]	胡丽涛, 马啸, 岑小红, 等. 不同留叶数对重庆丰都地区烤烟K326综合性状影响研究[J]. 重庆与世界:学术版, 2015, 32(12):20-23, 46.
	Hu LT, Ma XT, Cen XH, et al. Effects of different leaf number on comprehensive characters of flue cured tobacco K326 in Fengdu District of Chongqing[J]. The World and Chongqing, 2015, 32(12):20-23, 46.
[37]	黄中艳, 朱勇, 邓云龙, 等. 云南烤烟大田期气候对烟叶品质的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2008(4):440-445, 449.
	Huang ZY, Zhu Y, Deng YL, et al. Influence of climate during field growing season on quality of tobacco leaf in Yunnan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2008(4):440-445, 449.
[38]	周冀衡, 王勇, 邵岩, 等. 产烟国部分烟区烤烟质体色素及主要挥发性香气物质含量的比较[J]. 湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版, 2005(2):128-132.
	Zhou JH, Wang Y, Shao Y, et al. The comparison on the content of chromoplast pigments and volatile aromatic materials of flue-cured tobacco from domestic and abroad[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University:Natural Sciences, 2005(2):128-132.
[39]	中国农业科学院烟草研究所. 烟草栽培学[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2005.
	Institute of tobacco, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Tobacco cultivation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 2005.
[40]	郑湖南. 不同香气风格烤烟常规化学成分和香气物质的差异研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(31):13700-13702, 13728.
	Zheng HN. Research on the difference of routine chemical components and aroma substance in the different aroma style of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 36(31):13700-13702, 13728.

编码值 Code value	种植密度(M) Planting density/(plants·hm^-2)	施氮量(N) Nitrogen application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	留叶数(L) Number of leaves left/(leaves/plant)
1	14 000	30	18
2	15 500	45	20
3	17 000	60	22
变化区间	1 500	15	2

编码值 Code value	种植密度(M) Planting density/(plants·hm^-2)	施氮量(N) Nitrogen application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	留叶数(L) Number of leaves left/(leaves/plant)
1	14 000	30	18
2	15 500	45	20
3	17 000	60	22
变化区间	1 500	15	2

处理组合 Treatment combination	处理 Treatment	种植密度(M) Planting density/(plants·hm^-2)	施氮量(N) Nitrogen application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	留叶数(L) Number of leaves left/(leaves/plant)
T1	M1N1L1	14 000	30	18
T2	M1N2L2	14 000	45	20
T3	M1N3L3	14 000	60	22
T4	M2N1L2	15 500	30	20
T5	M2N2L3	15 500	45	22
T6	M2N3L1	15 500	60	18
T7	M3N1L3	17 000	30	22
T8	M3N2L1	17 000	45	18
T9	M3N3L2	17 000	60	20

处理组合 Treatment combination	处理 Treatment	种植密度(M) Planting density/(plants·hm^-2)	施氮量(N) Nitrogen application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	留叶数(L) Number of leaves left/(leaves/plant)
T1	M1N1L1	14 000	30	18
T2	M1N2L2	14 000	45	20
T3	M1N3L3	14 000	60	22
T4	M2N1L2	15 500	30	20
T5	M2N2L3	15 500	45	22
T6	M2N3L1	15 500	60	18
T7	M3N1L3	17 000	30	22
T8	M3N2L1	17 000	45	18
T9	M3N3L2	17 000	60	20

名称 Name	GenBank accession	引物 Primer(5'-3')
Actin	AB158612	F:GCTGTTTTTCCTAGTATTGTTGGTC
Actin	AB158612	R:AATACCTGTTGTACGGCCACTG
CYC-1	AY049090	F:CGAGGGTGGGATCAAGGAAATACA
CYC-1	AY049090	R:ATCGCATCCGTGAAAAGCATAAG
CYP17D16	AF166332	F:ATGGACCAATTATGCACCTTCAACT
CYP17D16	AF166332	R:GGCACTGAGCAATTCCAAGAGACA