不同氮浓度对一株产油绿球藻生长、脂类积累及脂肪酸分布的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-1134

生物技术通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 154-162.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-1134

不同氮浓度对一株产油绿球藻生长、脂类积累及脂肪酸分布的影响

李涛¹,许瑾²,吴华莲¹,王铭³,向文洲¹

1. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广州 510301;
2. 中国科学院广州能源研究所中国科学院可再生能源与天然气水合物重点实验室,广州 510640;
3. 贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院,贵阳550025

收稿日期:2017-12-28 出版日期:2018-05-26 发布日期:2018-06-07
作者简介:李涛,男,博士,研究方向：藻类生物技术,E-mail：taoli@scsio.ac.cn;李涛和许瑾共同为本文第一作者
基金资助:
中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室开放基金（Y607k91001）,贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目（黔教合KY字[2016]160）,广东省自然科学基金-博士启动（2016A030310016）,广东省省级科技计划项目（2015A020216014）,广州市科技计划项目（201604016056）

Effects of Nitrogen Concentration on the Growth,Lipid Accumulation and Fatty Acids Distribution of Oleaginous Chlorococcum sp.

LI Tao¹, XU Jin², WU Hua-lian¹, WANG Ming³, XIANG Wen-zhou¹

1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301;
2. Key Lab of Renewable Energy and Natural Gas Hydrate,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640;
3. School of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025

Received:2017-12-28 Published:2018-05-26 Online:2018-06-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 富含多不饱和脂肪酸的产油微藻是开发高值微藻油的理想原料,一株产油微藻是否具有高值油脂开发潜力需要评估其油脂产量、中性脂比例与多不饱和脂肪酸分布等指标。低氮胁迫是研究微藻油脂积累理想的方式之一,以一株产油绿球藻（Chlorococcum sp.）为实验材料,以硝酸钠（NaNO₃）为氮源,设置17.6 mmol/L、5.9 mmol/L和3.5 mmol/L三种氮浓度,跟踪测定产油绿球藻生长、脂类组成及多不饱和脂肪酸分布的时相变化。结果显示,3.5 mmol/L和5.9 mmol/L氮浓度条件下,产油绿球藻取得了2.55 g/L和2.51 g/L的总脂产量,远高于17.6 mmol/L氮浓度组的总脂产量（1.43 g/L）;降低氮浓度可以提高中性脂比例,3.5 mmol/L氮浓度组取得最高的中性脂比例,为88.6% 总脂质（Total lipid,TL）,高于5.9 mmol/L氮浓度组（86.3% TL）和17.6 mmol/L氮浓度组（80.5% TL）;降低氮浓度可以改变产油绿球藻的脂肪酸在不同脂类分子中的分布,促进脂肪酸更多分布于中性脂中,其中,3.5 m mol/L TL氮浓度组培养结束时,α-亚麻酸在中性脂的比例由接种时的33.9%提高到86.5%。适宜氮浓度对于提高产油绿球藻总脂产量、中性脂比例而多不饱和脂肪酸分布具有重要作用,产油绿球藻积累的α-亚麻酸在低氮条件下更倾向于分布在中性脂中,是一株具有高值化微藻油开发价值的藻株。

关键词: 产油绿球藻, 微藻油, 氮浓度, 脂类组成, 脂肪酸分布

Abstract: Oleaginous microalga with rich polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFAs）is considered an optimal raw material for the production of high-valued microalgae oil. The key screening indexes of high-valued microalgae include oil yield,neutral lipid fractionation,and PUFAs distribution. Low-nitrogen stress is one of the most effective approaches in inducing oil accumulation in microalgae. The changes in growth,lipid composition,and PUFAs distribution of Chlorococcum sp. were determined under 17.6 mmol/L NaNO₃,5.9 mmol/L NaNO_3,and 3.5 mmol/L NaNO₃. The results showed the total lipid yield reached 2.55 g/L and 2.51 g/L at 3.5 mmol/L and 5.9 mmol/L NaNO₃group,respectively,much higher than that 1.43 g/L at 17.6 mmol/L NaNO₃group. Lowering nitrogen concentration increased the proportion of neutral lipids,i.e.,it was the highest at 3.5 mmol/L NaNO_3,accounted for 88.6% in total lipid,higher than 86.3% at 5.9 mmol/L NaNO_3,and 80.5% at 17.6 mmol/L NaNO₃. Decreasing nitrogen concentration also changed the fatty acids distribution in different lipid fractionations and promoted the fatty acids more distributed in neutral lipids. For instance,at 3.5 mmol/L NaNO_3,the proportion of α-linolenic acid in neutral lipids increased to 86.5% at the end of the cultivation from 33.9% at the beginning of cultivation. Conclusively,appropriate nitrogen concentration has a great role in the improvement of total oil yield,neutral lipid fractionation,and PUFAs distribution;moreover,the accumulated C18：3（ω-3）in Chlorococcum sp. tends to be distributed in neutral lipids under low nitrogen,and thus Chlorococcum sp. is a potential oleaginous microalgae for the production of high-valued microalgae oil.

Key words: oleaginous Chlorococcum sp., microalgae oil, nitrogen concentration, lipid composition, fatty acids distribution

李涛,许瑾,吴华莲,王铭,向文洲. 不同氮浓度对一株产油绿球藻生长、脂类积累及脂肪酸分布的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(5): 154-162.

LI Tao, XU Jin, WU Hua-lian, WANG Ming, XIANG Wen-zhou. Effects of Nitrogen Concentration on the Growth,Lipid Accumulation and Fatty Acids Distribution of Oleaginous Chlorococcum sp.[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(5): 154-162.

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不同氮浓度对一株产油绿球藻生长、脂类积累及脂肪酸分布的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Concentration on the Growth,Lipid Accumulation and Fatty Acids Distribution of Oleaginous Chlorococcum sp.

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