生物技术通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 128-134.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0025

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

56种中药提取物对棉花黄萎病的防治效果研究

姜岚1, 庞金环1, 肖伟烈2, 张国丽3, 刘俊1, 杨超1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院微生物研究所,北京 100101;
    2. 云南大学教育部和云南省自然资源药物化学重点实验室,昆明 650091;
    3. 新疆农垦科学院,石河子 832000;
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-08 出版日期:2018-02-26 发布日期:2018-03-12
  • 作者简介:姜岚,女,硕士研究生,研究方向:遗传学;E-mail:15091759462@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200900)

Control Effects of 56 Extracts of Chinese Traditional Medicine on Cotton Wilt Disease

JIANG Lan1, PANG Jin-huan1, XIAO Wei-lie2, ZHANG Guo-li3, LIU Jun1, YANG Chao1   

  1. 1. Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;
    2. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091;
    3. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000;
  • Received:2018-01-08 Published:2018-02-26 Online:2018-03-12

摘要:

为获得既能有效抑制棉花黄萎病致病菌(大丽轮枝菌)菌丝生长又可以提高棉花黄萎病防治效果的中药提取物,对56种中药提取物的抑菌活性及防治效果进行了筛选和鉴定。生长速率法测定结果显示,56种中药提取物中有26种在质量浓度为10 g/L时对大丽轮枝菌的菌丝生长抑制率可达到50%以上,主要集中在五味子、铁箍散、华盖木和黄苞大戟等9种植物提取物中。进一步用这些中药提取物处理棉花植株,统计病情指数和防治效果发现,黑龙江产五味子(北五味子)的氯仿∶丙酮=3∶2(V/V)段提取物对棉花黄萎病有显著的防治效果。茎切片观察发现,该提取物可以有效抑制大丽轮枝菌引起的维管束褐化症状,且棉花整株表现为黄萎病落叶症状得到缓解。上述研究表明,黑龙江产五味子的氯仿∶丙酮=3∶2段提取物不仅可以有效抑制大丽轮枝菌的菌丝生长,而且可以提高棉花黄萎病的防治效果,降低维管束褐化并缓解发病程度。

关键词: 中药提取物, 大丽轮枝菌, 棉花黄萎病, 防治效果

Abstract:

The bacteriostatic activity and control effects of 56 extracts from Chinese traditional medicine were screened and determined in order to acquire the ingredients that may effectively suppress the mycelial growth of Verticillium dahlia and increase the control effects on cotton wilt disease. The results of growth rate showed that the inhibition rate on V. dahlia mycelial growth by 26 of all tested 56 extracts was up to 50%,which were mainly distributed in 9 medicinal plants of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)baill,Schisandra propinqua var. sinensis,Manglietiastrum sinicum,Euphorbia sikkimensics,etc. Further,the cotton plants were treated by the extracts and the statistics of disease index and control effect was conducted. The results explained that the chloroform:acetone(3∶2,V/V)extract of S. chinensis(sampled from Heilongjiang province)presented significant control effects to cotton wilt disease. The stem dissection revealed that the extract effectively suppressed the browning of vascular bundle caused by wilt disease,and the symptom of leaf-falling from wilt disease in whole plant was significantly alleviated. The above data indicate that the chloroform:acetone(3∶2,V/V)extract from S. chinensis not only effectively inhibits the growth of V. dahlia in vitro,but also induces the resistance in cotton,thus decreases the browning of vascular bundle and alleviates the occurrence of cotton wilt disease..

Key words: Chinese traditional medicine, Verticillium dahliae, cotton wilt disease, induced resistance