废油脂生物合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-1119

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）是微生物细胞内合成的高分子生物聚酯,当培养基中生长所必需的营养物质含量有限,而碳源物质过多时,会促进PHA的积累。众多PHA产品均具有生物可降解性以及优异的物理化学特性,有望替代传统塑料从而减少“白色塑料垃圾”的产生。但是较高的生产成本限制了PHA进一步的产业化和大规模应用。利用廉价易得的原材料作为微生物的碳源制备PHA是降低生产成本的有效途径之一。废弃油脂作为碳氢化合物,具有良好的微生物利用潜力。目前,以废油脂为原料、通过微生物合成可生物降解塑料已成为研究热点。该方法不但可以降低PHA的生产成本,解决废油脂的处理和高值化利用问题,还可以替代部分传统塑料的使用,符合我国绿色循环可持续发展的战略。文章系统总结了PHA的种类和应用,利用废弃油脂微生物合成PHA的最新进展以及微生物胞内PHA的提取方法,并对其合成PHA的有效实现和发展前景进行了展望。

关键词: 聚羟基脂肪酸酯, 可降解塑料, 废油脂, 微生物合成

Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoate（PHA）,a kind of high molecular biopolymer,is synthesized by microorganisms and accumulated in microbial cells with the limitation of essential nutrients and excessive carbon source in the medium. PHA products are promising biodegradable materials with excellent physicochemical properties and are expected to be as potential alternatives of traditional plastics for avoiding the pollution of “white plastic waste”. However,the high cost of production limits its industrialization and application in large-scale. Exploring some cheap feedstock as carbon resource of microorganisms to produce the PHA is one of the feasible approaches to reduce the cost. Waste oil as carbon-hydrogen component presents the promising potentials of utilization by microorganisms. Recently,it has become a research hotspot to synthesize biodegradable plastics by microorganisms using waste oil as raw material. This strategy can not only reduce the costs of PHA production,but also achieve the high-value utilization of waste oil. The replacement of traditional fossil fuel plastics by biodegradable plastics conforms to the sustainable development strategy in China. This paper systematically summarizes various types of PHA and its applications,the latest progress in the synthesis of PHA from waste oil by microbes,and the extraction methods of PHA from microbial cells. Finally,some insights and outlooks are provided on the development of PHA production from waste oils.

Key words: polyhydroxyalkanoate, degradable plastics, waste oil, microbial synthesis

潘兰佳, 李杰, 林清怀, 汪印. 废油脂生物合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(7): 190-199.

PAN Lan-jia, LI Jie, LIN Qing-huai, WANG Yin. Research Progress on Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Waste Oils[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(7): 190-199.

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