白蚁菌圃中木质素降解菌的筛选及降解效果

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0626

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了选出能够有效降解木质素的菌株,以废弃的白蚁巢为来源进行筛选,并以无氮培养基、碱木质素培养基、苯胺蓝培养基和愈创木酚培养基进行复筛。对筛选出的菌株进行16S rRNA鉴定以及形态学分析。通过扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱对降解前后的碱木质素进行降解特性的解析。结果筛选出一株具有木质素降解能力的细菌经鉴定并命名为R.ornithinolytica RS-1,以碱木质素为底物发酵一周,木质素降解率在前3 d最高达到24.21%,同时3种木质素降解酶过氧化物酶（Lip）、锰过氧化物酶（Mnp）、漆酶（Lac）的酶活也达到最高,分别为177.42 U/L、1466.67 U/L、6.94 U/L。扫描电镜和红外光谱发现经菌处理后结构有明显变化,说明该菌可以作为木质素降解的有效菌株。

关键词: 白蚁菌圃, 碱木质素, 木质素降解菌, 解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌

Abstract:

In order to select strains that can effectively degrade lignin,waste termite nests were used as a source for screening and re-screening was conducted with nitrogen-free medium,alkaline lignin medium,aniline blue medium and guaiacol medium. The screened strains were identified by 16S rRNA as well as morphological analysis. The alkaline lignin before and after degradation was observed in a characterized structure using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that a strain of lignin-degrading bacteria was identified and named R. ornithinolytica RS-1. The lignin degradation rate reached a maximum of 24.21% in the first 3 d of fermentation with alkaline lignin as substrate,while the enzyme activities of 3 lignin-degrading enzymes（peroxidase,manganese peroxidase,and laccase）reached a maximum of 177.42,1466.67 and 6.94 U/L,respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy revealed significant structural changes after treatment,indicating that the bacteria can be used as an effective strain for lignin degradation.

Key words: termite nurseries, alkaline lignin, lignin-degrading bacteria, raoulla ornithinolytica

韩东晶, 王志花, 周宁, 刘国庆, 杨少华, 汪文君. 白蚁菌圃中木质素降解菌的筛选及降解效果[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(3): 113-120.

HAN Dong-jing, WANG Zhi-hua, ZHOU Ning, LIU Guo-qing, YANG Shao-hua, WANG Wen-jun. Screening and Degradation Effect of Lignin-degrading Bacteria in Termite Nurseries[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(3): 113-120.

图/表 8

图1 木质素浓度标准曲线

Fig. 1 Lignin concentration standard curve

图2 菌株RS-1在不同培养基上生长情况 A：无氮培养基;B：苯胺蓝培养基;C：愈创木酚培养基

Fig. 2 Growth of strain RS-1 on different media A：Nitrogen-free medium. B：Aniline blue medium. C：Guaiacol medium

图3 菌株RS-1扫描电镜观察图（A）及生长曲线图（B）

Fig. 3 Scanning electron microscopic observation（A）and growth curve（B）of strain RS-1

图4 菌株RS-1系统发育树

Fig. 4 Phylogenetic tree of strain RS-1

图5 木质素降解过程中相关酶活随时间变化情况

Fig. 5 Variation of relevant enzyme activity over time during lignin degradation

图6 木质素浓度以及降解率随时间变化情况

Fig. 6 Lignin concentration and degradation rate over time

图7 碱木质素处理前后扫描电镜图 A：未处理的碱木质素;B：细菌RS-1处理7 d的碱木质素

Fig. 7 Scanning electron micrographs before and after alkaline lignin treatment A：Untreated alkaline lignin. B：Alkaline lignin from bacterial RS-1 treatment for 7 d

图8 碱木质素处理前后红外谱图变化情况

Fig. 8 Variations in FIR spectra untreated and treated alkaline lignin treatment

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