麝香百合和‘雪皇后’的形态特征、核型及ISSR标记分析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0798

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的 ‘雪皇后’属于麝香百合杂种系品种，明确麝香百合和‘雪皇后’之间的差异，为二者的鉴定和开发利用奠定基础。方法采用经典测量、染色体压片和ISSR标记方法对其形态特征、核型以及遗传学变异进行系统分析。结果形态学观察结果发现，麝香百合的叶片比‘雪皇后’显著变窄，果实略变长，而株高、开花口径、花期、鳞茎和外层鳞片重量等指标均无显著差异。‘雪皇后’花粉粒投影面积大于麝香百合，以分布在8 700-8 900 μm²的花粉粒数目最多（占比14.4%）。‘雪皇后’叶片上表皮细胞和气孔比麝香百合显著变宽。核型分析显示，麝香百合与‘雪皇后’的染色体数目均为2n=2x=24，为二倍体，麝香百合核型公式为2n=2x=24=2m+6sm+10st+6t，‘雪皇后’核型公式为2n=2x=24=2m+4sm+16st（2SAT）+2t，且后者核不对称系数更大。ISSR标记表明，与麝香百合相比，‘雪皇后’发生了遗传变异，变异率为20.00%。结论麝香百合与‘雪皇后’在叶片形态、花粉粒、核型以及分子遗传水平上存在显著差异。

关键词: 麝香百合, ‘雪皇后’, 形态特征, 核型分析, 遗传变异

Abstract:

Objective Lilium longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’ belongs to the Lilium longiflorum hybrid lily, and clarifying differences between L. longiflorum and L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’ will lay the foundation for their identification and development. Method Using classical measurements, chromosome tableting and ISSR marker methods were used to systematically analyze the morphological characterization, karyotype and genetic variation respectively. Result Morphological observations showed that the leaves of L. longiflorum were much narrower and the capsule length slightly increased than those in L.longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’, while there were no significant differences in plant height, flowering diameter, flowering time, bulb weight and the outer scale weight. The projected area of pollen grains in L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’ was much larger than that of L. longiflorum, of which the highest number was distributed between 8 700-8 900 μm², accounting for 14.4%. Leaf epidermal cells and stomatas of L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’ were significantly wider than those in L. longiflorum. Karyotype analysis showed that L. longiflorum and L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’ were both diploids, with the chromosome formula 2n=2x=24. The karyotype formula of L. longiflorum was 2n=2x=24=2m+6sm+10st+6t, and that of L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’ was 2n=2x=24=2m+4sm+16st (2SAT) +2t, and karyotype asymmetry coefficient was much greater in the latter. ISSR marker analysis indicated that L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’ experienced a genetic variation at a rate of 20.00% compared to L. longiflorum control. Conclusion There were significant differences in leaf morphology, pollen grains, karyotype and molecular genetic levels between L. longiflorum and L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’, providing basic information for their identification and development in future.

Key words: Lilium longiflorum Thunb., Lilium longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’, morphological characterization, karyotype analysis, genetic variation

程诗袁, 何佳丽, 韩福彬, 杨娜娜, 杨利平, 符勇耀. 麝香百合和‘雪皇后’的形态特征、核型及ISSR标记分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(3): 219-229.

CHENG Shi-yuan, HE Jia-li, HAN Fu-bin, YANG Na-na, YANG Li-ping, FU Yong-yao. Morphological Characterization， Karyotype and ISSR Marker of Lilium longiflorum and L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(3): 219-229.

图/表 10

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性状 Traits	麝香百合 L. longiflorum	‘雪皇后’ L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’
株高Plant height/cm	49.79±1.43	48.72±1.43
茎粗Stem diameter/cm	0.88±0.03	0.89±0.03
单株叶片数leaf number per plant	51.37±3.16	55.27±2.29
叶长Leaf length/cm	11.55±0.29	11.04±0.14
叶宽Leaf width/cm	1.55±0.04	1.85±0.03**
叶长宽比Leaf length-width ratio	7.60±0.26**	6.00±0.11
单朵花期Flowering time of a single flower/d	6.55±0.11	6.70±0.15
花蕾长Bud length/cm	15.54±0.43	14.93±0.34
花径Flower Path/mm	10.64±0.42	11.62±0.23
花柄长Flower stalk length/cm	10.19±0.24	11.13±0.23
花柄直径Flower stalk diameter/cm	2.08±0.05	2.12±0.05
花丝长Filament length/cm	11.42±0.17	12.65±0.05
花药长Anther length/cm	1.23±0.04	1.22±0.01
花柱长Style length/cm	12.44±0.19	14.20±0.23
花柱直径Style diameter/cm	0.92±0.02	1.14±0.02
果实长Capsule length/cm	6.10±0.18*	5.55±0.12
果实直径Capsule diameter/cm	1.90±0.12	1.80±0.13
单个果实有胚种子数Number of embro seeds per fruit	42.45±7.08	33.50±6.21
单个果实无胚种子数Number of embro-free seeds per fruit	246.18±30.96	303.75±29.78
单个果实种子数Number of total seeds per fruit	288.64±35.57	337.25±32.15
种子长径 Seed length/ mm	6.84±0.12	6.82±0.09
种子重量Seed weight/g/100 grain	0.33±0.01	0.34±0.01
种球周径Bulb perimeter/cm	17.36±0.28	17.15±0.25
种球重量Bulb weight/g	64.32±1.76	64.30±1.94
外层鳞片重量Scale weight in the outer layer/g	1.22±0.10	1.26±0.10
外层鳞片长Scale length in the outer layer/cm	2.88±0.11	2.80±0.10
外层鳞片宽Scale width in the outer layer/cm	1.67±0.07	1.71±0.05
外层鳞片长宽比Scale length-width ratio in the outer layer	1.68±0.07	1.65±0.06
外层鳞片厚度Scale thickness in the outer layer/mm	5.05±0.25	5.79±0.34

性状 Traits	麝香百合 L. longiflorum	‘雪皇后’ L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’
株高Plant height/cm	49.79±1.43	48.72±1.43
茎粗Stem diameter/cm	0.88±0.03	0.89±0.03
单株叶片数leaf number per plant	51.37±3.16	55.27±2.29
叶长Leaf length/cm	11.55±0.29	11.04±0.14
叶宽Leaf width/cm	1.55±0.04	1.85±0.03**
叶长宽比Leaf length-width ratio	7.60±0.26**	6.00±0.11
单朵花期Flowering time of a single flower/d	6.55±0.11	6.70±0.15
花蕾长Bud length/cm	15.54±0.43	14.93±0.34
花径Flower Path/mm	10.64±0.42	11.62±0.23
花柄长Flower stalk length/cm	10.19±0.24	11.13±0.23
花柄直径Flower stalk diameter/cm	2.08±0.05	2.12±0.05
花丝长Filament length/cm	11.42±0.17	12.65±0.05
花药长Anther length/cm	1.23±0.04	1.22±0.01
花柱长Style length/cm	12.44±0.19	14.20±0.23
花柱直径Style diameter/cm	0.92±0.02	1.14±0.02
果实长Capsule length/cm	6.10±0.18*	5.55±0.12
果实直径Capsule diameter/cm	1.90±0.12	1.80±0.13
单个果实有胚种子数Number of embro seeds per fruit	42.45±7.08	33.50±6.21
单个果实无胚种子数Number of embro-free seeds per fruit	246.18±30.96	303.75±29.78
单个果实种子数Number of total seeds per fruit	288.64±35.57	337.25±32.15
种子长径 Seed length/ mm	6.84±0.12	6.82±0.09
种子重量Seed weight/g/100 grain	0.33±0.01	0.34±0.01
种球周径Bulb perimeter/cm	17.36±0.28	17.15±0.25
种球重量Bulb weight/g	64.32±1.76	64.30±1.94
外层鳞片重量Scale weight in the outer layer/g	1.22±0.10	1.26±0.10
外层鳞片长Scale length in the outer layer/cm	2.88±0.11	2.80±0.10
外层鳞片宽Scale width in the outer layer/cm	1.67±0.07	1.71±0.05
外层鳞片长宽比Scale length-width ratio in the outer layer	1.68±0.07	1.65±0.06
外层鳞片厚度Scale thickness in the outer layer/mm	5.05±0.25	5.79±0.34

性状 Traits	麝香百合 Lilium longiflorum	‘雪皇后’ L. Longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’
叶上表皮细胞长Leaf adaxial epidermis length/μm	302.65±7.23	309.21±10.29
叶上表皮细胞宽Leaf adaxial epidermis width/μm	66.03±1.09	75.39±1.33**
叶下表皮细胞长Leaf abaxial epidermis length/μm	350.69±2.51	351.09±3.11
叶下表皮细胞宽Leaf abaxial epidermis width/μm	49.66±0.36	51.51±0.37
保卫细胞长Guard cell length/μm	96.48±0.21	98.15±0.38
保卫细胞宽Guard cell width/μm	59.31±0.16	72.41±0.24**
气孔长Stoma length/μm	54.25±0.19	57.68±0.22
气孔宽Stoma width/μm	16.89±0.13	21.59±0.13**
气孔密度Stoma density/Stomas/mm²	51.05±0.94	52.97±1.50
花粉粒径Pollen grain diameter/μm	120.56±0.32	122.39±0.32
花粉粒投影面积Pollen grain projected area/μm²	8 873.51±37.87	9 056.11±35.35**

性状 Traits	麝香百合 Lilium longiflorum	‘雪皇后’ L. Longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’
叶上表皮细胞长Leaf adaxial epidermis length/μm	302.65±7.23	309.21±10.29
叶上表皮细胞宽Leaf adaxial epidermis width/μm	66.03±1.09	75.39±1.33**
叶下表皮细胞长Leaf abaxial epidermis length/μm	350.69±2.51	351.09±3.11
叶下表皮细胞宽Leaf abaxial epidermis width/μm	49.66±0.36	51.51±0.37
保卫细胞长Guard cell length/μm	96.48±0.21	98.15±0.38
保卫细胞宽Guard cell width/μm	59.31±0.16	72.41±0.24**
气孔长Stoma length/μm	54.25±0.19	57.68±0.22
气孔宽Stoma width/μm	16.89±0.13	21.59±0.13**
气孔密度Stoma density/Stomas/mm²	51.05±0.94	52.97±1.50
花粉粒径Pollen grain diameter/μm	120.56±0.32	122.39±0.32
花粉粒投影面积Pollen grain projected area/μm²	8 873.51±37.87	9 056.11±35.35**

材料 Material	染色体 Chromosome	相对长度 Relative length/%	相对长度系数 Relative length coefficient	相对长度的分类 Relative length classification	臂比值 Arm ratio	类型 Type
麝香百合 L. longiflorum	1	12.44+8.97=21.41	1.61	L	1.39	m
	2	12.67+6.40=19.07	1.44	L	1.98	sm
	3	10.44+3.98=14.42	1.09	M₂	2.62	sm
	4	12.85+1.25=14.10	1.06	M₂	10.28	t
	5	10.23+2.61=12.84	0.97	M₁	3.92	st
	6	10.22+1.77=11.99	0.90	M₁	5.77	st
	7	9.83+1.68=11.51	0.87	M₁	5.85	st
	8	10.23+1.26=11.49	0.87	M₁	8.12	t
	9	8.18+2.95=11.13	0.84	M₁	2.77	sm
	10	9.71+1.32=11.03	0.83	M₁	7.36	t
	11	8.82+1.90=10.72	0.81	M₁	4.64	st
	12	7.54+1.64=9.18	0.69	S	4.6	st
‘雪皇后’ L. Longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’	1	12.20+8.26=20.46	1.47	L	1.48	m
	2	11.90+6.21=18.11	1.30	L	1.92	sm
	3	13.45+2.14=15.59	1.12	M₂	6.29	st
	4	11.70+3.85=15.55	1.12	M₂	3.04	st*
	5	13.12+1.97=15.09	1.09	M₂	6.66	st
	6	11.84+1.88=13.72	0.99	M₁	6.30	st
	7	11.46+1.64=13.10	0.94	M₁	7.00	t
	8	10.22+1.82=12.04	0.87	M₁	5.62	st
	9	9.62+1.97=11.59	0.84	M₁	4.88	st
	10	9.94+1.64=11.58	0.83	M1	6.06	st
	11	8.22+2.47=10.69	0.77	M₁	3.33	st
	12	6.67+2.37=9.04	0.65	S	2.81	sm