不同生境下烤烟三段式育苗微生物群落变化及抗逆酶活分析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-1071

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为解析三段式育苗对烟苗根际微生物多样性和抗逆酶活性的影响。【方法】以中烟100为供试品种，以常规漂浮育苗为对照，设置三段式育苗。通过监测工厂化四联体育苗大棚中烟苗的生长发育情况，系统分析了三段式育苗方式对育苗环境，育苗池、基质和根系微生物多样性，烟苗农艺性状和抗逆酶活性的影响。同时，追溯分析三段式育苗对于田间烟草根际土壤微生物多样性的影响。【结果】幼苗期，三段式育苗方式相对于漂浮育苗对照，改善了育苗池水体的理化性状，降低了育苗大棚内的温差和湿度水平，日均温差由19.23℃下降至17.95℃，日均湿度由75.17%RH下降至69.53%RH；成苗期，三段式育苗增加了育苗池水体中的短波单胞菌属（Brevundimonas）和赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属（Lysinibacillus）的丰度，分别为漂浮育苗的13.90倍和4.66倍。增加了烟苗的鲜重、根长、侧根数、CAT酶活性、SOD酶活性、POD酶活性、根活力和成苗率，较漂浮育苗对照分别提高了34.33%、34.37%、36.41%、31.91%、25.34%、58.07%、29.08%和10.91%，MDA含量降低了22.31%；大田期，提升了烟草根际土壤微生物子囊菌门和青梅属的丰度，创造了更有利的烟草生长环境。【结论】三段式育苗通过改善育苗环境，增加了烟苗根际有益菌群的丰度，显著提高了烟苗的成苗期农艺性状和抗逆酶活性，从而提升烟苗素质。

关键词: 烟草, 三段式育苗, 烟苗根际微生物, 烟苗根活力

Abstract:

【Objective】It is to analyze the effects of three-stage seedling raising on rhizosphere microbial diversity and anti-stress enzyme activity of tobacco seedlings.【Method】Zhongyan 100 was chosen as the test variety, with conventional floating seedling raising as the control, and the three-stage seedling raising was set up. By monitoring the growth and development of tobacco seedlings in the quadruple sports seedling greenhouse, the effects of three-stage seedling raising method on seedling environment, microbial diversity, agronomic traits and anti-stress enzyme activities of tobacco seedlings were systematically analyzed. Concurrently, its effect on the microbial diversity of tobacco rhizosphere soil in the field was traced and analyzed.【Result】In the seedling stage, the three-stage seedling raising method improved the physical and chemical properties of the pool water and reduced the temperature difference and humidity level in the seedling greenhouse compared with the floating seedling raising control. The daily average temperature difference decreased from 19.23℃ to 17.95℃, and the daily average humidity decreased from 75.17%RH to 69.53%RH. At the seedling stage, the three-stage seedling raising increased the abundance of Brevundimonas and Lysinibacillus in the seedling pool water, which were 13.90 times and 4.66 times that of the floating seedling raising, respectively. The fresh weight, root length, number of lateral roots, CAT enzyme activity, SOD enzyme activity, POD enzyme activity, root activity and seedling rate of tobacco seedlings increased by 34.33%, 34.37%, 36.41%, 31.91%, 25.34%, 58.07%, 29.08% and 5.91%, respectively, compared with the floating seedling raising control, while the MDA content decreased by 22.31%. At the same time, MDA content decreased by 22.31%. In the field period, the abundance of Ascomycota and Penicillium in tobacco rhizosphere soil increased, and a more favorable environment for tobacco growth was created.【Conclusion】The three-stage seedling raising method increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere of tobacco seedlings by improving the seedling raising environment, and significantly improved the agronomic traits and anti-stress enzyme activity of tobacco seedlings at the seedling stage, thus improving the quality of tobacco seedlings.

Key words: tobacco, three-stage seedling raising, microorganisms around tobacco seedling rhizosphere, root vitality of tobacco seedlings

王颢杰, 常栋, 李俊营, 孟颢光, 蒋士君, 周硕野, 崔江宽. 不同生境下烤烟三段式育苗微生物群落变化及抗逆酶活分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(4): 242-254.

WANG Hao-jie, CHANG Dong, LI Jun-ying, MENG Hao-guang, JIANG Shi-jun, ZHOU Shuo-ye, CUI Jiang-kuan. Analysis of Microbial Community Changes and Stress-resistant Enzyme Activities of Flue-cured Tobacco Three-stage Seedling Raising in Different Habitats[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(4): 242-254.

图/表 10

图1 不同育苗方式对温湿度的影响 A：温度；B：湿度。图中数据展示为平均值

Fig. 1 Effects of different seedling raising methods on temperature and humidity A: Temperature; B: humidity. The data in the figure is shown as the average

图2 不同育苗方式对水体理化性状的影响 A：pH；B：溶解氧含量；C：电导率。数据展示为平均值±标准误差

Fig. 2 Effects of different seedling raising methods on water quality physicochemical properties A: pH; B: dissolved oxygen concentration; C: electric conductivity. The data are presented as mean ± standard error

表1 不同育苗方式对烟苗农艺性状的影响

Table 1 Effects of different seedling raising methods on the agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings

处理Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	鲜重 Fresh weight/g	根长 Root length/cm	侧根数 Number of lateral roots	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area/cm²	成苗率 Seedling rate/%
三段式育苗	8.22 ± 1.71 a	6.26 ± 1.21 a	10.40 ± 2.01 a	133.08 ± 26.15 a	50.27 ± 7.51 a	96.18 ± 2.02 a
漂浮育苗	8.08 ± 1.98 a	4.66 ± 0.97 b	7.74 ± 1.91 b	97.56 ± 16.87 b	40.53 ± 6.94 b	85.27 ± 4.18 b

图3 不同育苗方式对烟苗酶活性和根活力的影响 A：CAT酶活性；B：POD酶活性；C：SOD酶活性；D：MDA含量；E：根活力。柱形图中数据展示为均值±标准误差。*表示在0.05水平上差异显著，**表示在0.01水平上差异显著，下同

Fig. 3 Effects of different seedling raising methods on the enzyme activities and root vitalities of tobacco seedlings A: CAT enzyme activity; B: POD enzyme activity; C: SOD enzyme activity; D: MDA content; E: root vitality. The data in the column chart is shown as mean ± standard error. * indicates a significant difference at the 0.05 level, and ** indicates a significant difference at the 0.01 level. The same below

图4 微生物群落的alpha多样性分析 A：真菌ACE指数；B：真菌Chao指数；C：真菌Simpson指数；D：真菌Shannon指数；E：细菌ACE指数；F：细菌Chao指数；G：细菌Simpson指数；H：细菌Shannon指数

Fig. 4 Analysis of alpha diversity in microbial communities A: Fungal ACE index; B: fungal Chao index; C: fungal Simpson index; D: fungal Shannon index; E: bacterial ACE index; F: bacterial Chao index; G: bacterial Simpson index; H: bacterial Shannon index

图5 微生物群落的PCA分析 A：真菌PCA分析；B：细菌PCA分析。a:三段式育苗池水体；b：漂浮育苗池水体；c：三段式育苗苗盘基质；d：漂浮育苗苗盘基质；e：三段式育苗烟苗根系；f：漂浮育苗烟苗根系

Fig. 5 PCA analysis of microbial communities A: Fungal PCA analysis; B: bacterial PCA analysis. a: Three-stage seedling raising pool water; b: floating seedling raising pool water; c: three-stage seedling raising tray matrix; d: floating seedling raising tray matrix; e: three-stage seedling raising tobacco seedling root; f: floating seedling raising tobacco seedling root

图6 不同育苗方式对微生物群落丰度的影响 A：真菌门水平；B：细菌门水平；C：真菌属水平；D：细菌属水平。a:三段式育苗池水体；b：漂浮育苗池水体；c：三段式育苗苗盘基质；d：漂浮育苗苗盘基质；e：三段式育苗烟苗根系；f：漂浮育苗烟苗根系

Fig. 6 Effects of seedling raising methods on the abundance of microbial community A: Fungal phylum level; B: bacterial phylum level; C: fungal genus level; D: bacterial genus level. a: Three-stage seedling raising pool water; b: floating seedling raising pool water; c: three-stage seedling raising tray matrix; d: floating seedling raising tray matrix; e: three-stage seedling raising tobacco seedling root; f: floating seedling raising tobacco seedling root

图7 土壤微生物群落的alpha多样性分析 A：真菌ACE指数；B：真菌Chao指数；C：真菌Simpson指数；D：真菌Shannon指数；E：细菌ACE指数；F：细菌Chao指数；G：细菌Simpson指数；H：细菌Shannon指数

Fig. 7 Analysis of alpha diversity of soil microbial communities A: Fungal ACE index; B: fungal Chao index; C: fungal Simpson index; D: fungal Shannon index; E: bacterial ACE index; F: bacterial Chao index; G: bacterial Simpson index; H: bacterial Shannon index

图8 土壤微生物群落的PCA分析 A：真菌PCA分析；B：细菌PCA分析。a:三段式育苗烟草根际土壤；b：漂浮育苗烟草根际土壤

Fig. 8 PCA analysis of soil microbial communities A: Fungal PCA analysis; B: bacterial PCA analysis. a: Tobacco root soil by three-stage seedling raising ; b: tobacco root soil by floating seedling raising

图9 不同育苗方式对土壤微生物群落丰度的影响 A：真菌门水平；B：细菌门水平；C：真菌属水平；D：细菌属水平。a:三段式育苗烟草根际土壤；b：漂浮育苗烟草根际土壤。

Fig. 9 Effects of different nursery methods on soil microbial community abundance A: Fungal phylum level; B: bacterial phylum level; C: fungal genus level; D: bacterial genus level. a: Tobacco root soil by three-stage seedling raising; B: tobacco root soil by floating seedling raising

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