基于代谢组学筛选五指山猪与杜长大猪脂肪沉积差异代谢物的比较研究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0646

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的研究五指山猪与杜长大商品猪血清和皮下脂肪差异代谢物特征，筛选与脂肪沉积相关的生物标志物。方法选取商业化猪场中健康且符合上市要求的五指山猪6头（W组）和杜长大猪6头（C组）。屠宰后采集血清及皮下脂肪样本，通过非靶向代谢组学技术检测代谢谱，结合KEGG数据库富集分析差异代谢物及相关通路。结果（1）五指山猪血清中LDL-C、BUN和CREA含量极显著低于杜长大猪（P<0.01），LDH显著降低（P<0.05）；（2）脂肪HE染色结果显示五指山猪脂肪细胞面积和直径显著大于杜长大猪（P<0.05），但其脂肪细胞密度和单位面积细胞数显著低于杜长大猪（P<0.05）；（3）血清代谢组学筛选出107个上调，120个下调的差异代谢物，将227个差异代谢物导入KEGG数据库进行功能富集分析，共富集到26条代谢通路；（4）皮脂代谢组学中筛选出45个上调，110个下调的差异代谢物，共富集到29条代谢通路。结论五指山猪脂质沉积能力较弱，其血清中PA、PC、PE及皮脂中DL-同型半胱氨酸、油酸等代谢物可能作为脂质沉积的潜在生物标志物；甘油磷脂代谢通路、糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚生物合成通路以及甘油磷脂代谢通路可能调控脂肪代谢差异。血清和皮脂代谢物在脂肪沉积中的协同与差异化调控，为猪的脂质代谢育种及肉质改良提供重要理论依据。

关键词: 血清生化指标, 非靶向代谢组学, 脂质代谢通路

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the characteristics of differential metabolites in serum and subcutaneous fat between Wuzhishan pigs and DLY commercial pigs, and to screen for biomarkers associated with fat deposition. Method Twelve pigs of different breeds that were healthy and met market requirements were selected from commercial pig farms, including 6 Wuzhishan pigs (W) and 6 Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire (DLY) pigs (C). After slaughter, serum and subcutaneous fat samples were collected. Non-targeted metabolomics technology was used to detect metabolic profiles, and KEGG database was combined for enrichment analysis of differential metabolites and related pathways. Result 1) The contents of LDL-C, BUN, and CREA in the serum of Wuzhishan pigs were extremely significantly lower than those in DLY pigs (P<0.01), and the LDH significantly reduced (P<0.05). 2) The results of fat HE staining showed that the area and diameter of adipocytes in Wuzhishan pigs were significantly larger than those in DLY pigs (P<0.05), but the adipocyte density and the number of cells per unit area were significantly lower than those in DLY pigs (P<0.05). 3) Serum metabolomics screening identified 107 up-regulated and 120 down-regulated differential metabolites. A total of 227 differential metabolites were imported into the KEGG database for functional enrichment analysis, and 26 metabolic pathways were enriched. The pathway most significantly associated with growth metabolism and having the highest enrichment score is glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthesis. 4) In sebum metabolomics, 45 up-regulated and 110 down-regulated differential metabolites were screened, and 29 metabolic pathways were enriched in total. The significantly enriched pathways are PPAR signaling pathway and insulin resistance. Conclusion These results indicate that Wuzhishan pigs have weaker lipid deposition capacity. Metabolites such as PA, PC and PE in serum, as well as DL-homocysteine and oleic acid in subcutaneous fat, may serve as potential biomarkers for lipid deposition. Key pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, GPI anchor biosynthesis, and PPAR signaling, likely regulate the differences in fat metabolism between the two pig breeds. The synergistic and differential regulation of serum and sebum metabolites in fat deposition provides an important theoretical basis for lipid metabolism breeding and meat quality improvement in pigs.

Key words: serum biochemical indicators, off-target metabolomics, lipid metabolic pathway

王雅南, 魏立民, 王峰, 晁哲, 任钰为, 刘海隆, 黄丽丽, 孙瑞萍. 基于代谢组学筛选五指山猪与杜长大猪脂肪沉积差异代谢物的比较研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(2): 325-337.

WANG Ya-nan, WEI Li-min, WANG Feng, CHAO Zhe, REN Yu-wei, LIU Hai-long, HUANG Li-li, SUN Rui-ping. A Comparative Study of Metabolomics-based Screening of Differential Metabolites for Fat Deposition in Wuzhishan and DLY Pigs[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(2): 325-337.

图/表 11

参考文献 30

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血液指标 Blood parameters	杜长大猪 DLY pigs	五指山猪 Wuzhishan pigs
甘油三酯 Triglyceride TG （mmol/L）	0.42±0.22	0.47±0.12
血糖 Blood glucose BG （μmol/mL）	4.53±0.77	4.54±0.35
胰岛素 Insulin INS （mIU/L）	1.17±0.43	1.18±0.43
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C （μmol/dL）	9.58±2.71	8.72±1.24
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C （μmol/dL）	356.06±119.32	174.47±69.09^**
总胆固醇 Total cholesterol TC （mmol/L）	2.80±0.17	2.76±0.80
总蛋白 Total protein TP （g/L）	66.03±3.36	69.33±4.45
球蛋白 Globulin GLB （g/L）	29.60±2.15	33.45±4.16
白蛋白 Albumin ALB （g/L）	36.43±2.10	35.88±4.75
尿素氮 Blood urea nitrogen BUN （μg/mL）	91.07±18.67	56.72±8.91^**
肌酐 Creatinine CREA （μmol/L）	198.00±6.83	96.83±10.11^**
乳酸脱氢酶 Lactate dehydrogenase LDH （U/L）	1138.00±362.94	733.40±94.76^*

血液指标 Blood parameters	杜长大猪 DLY pigs	五指山猪 Wuzhishan pigs
甘油三酯 Triglyceride TG （mmol/L）	0.42±0.22	0.47±0.12
血糖 Blood glucose BG （μmol/mL）	4.53±0.77	4.54±0.35
胰岛素 Insulin INS （mIU/L）	1.17±0.43	1.18±0.43
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C （μmol/dL）	9.58±2.71	8.72±1.24
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C （μmol/dL）	356.06±119.32	174.47±69.09^**
总胆固醇 Total cholesterol TC （mmol/L）	2.80±0.17	2.76±0.80
总蛋白 Total protein TP （g/L）	66.03±3.36	69.33±4.45
球蛋白 Globulin GLB （g/L）	29.60±2.15	33.45±4.16
白蛋白 Albumin ALB （g/L）	36.43±2.10	35.88±4.75
尿素氮 Blood urea nitrogen BUN （μg/mL）	91.07±18.67	56.72±8.91^**
肌酐 Creatinine CREA （μmol/L）	198.00±6.83	96.83±10.11^**
乳酸脱氢酶 Lactate dehydrogenase LDH （U/L）	1138.00±362.94	733.40±94.76^*

代谢类型 Metabolic type	代谢通路 Metabolic pathway	代谢物 Metabolites	结构式 Structural formula	差异倍数 FoldChange	变化趋势 Changrtrend
脂质代谢 Lipid metabolism	类固醇激素的生物合成	20α-羟基-5α-孕-3-酮	C₂₁H₃₄O₂	171.10	↑
	类固醇激素的生物合成	孕甾二醇	C₂₁H₃₆O₂	64.02	↑
	鞘脂代谢	鞘磷脂（d18∶0/14∶0）	C₃₇H₇₇N₂O₆P	58.60	↑
	鞘脂代谢	鞘氨醇-1-磷酸胆碱	C₂₃H₄₉N₂O₅P	0.05	↓
	花生四烯酸代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（20∶3/18∶2）	C₄₆H₈₂NO₈P	0.02	↓
	花生四烯酸代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（18∶1/16∶1）	C₄₂H₈₀NO₈P	0.01	↓
	亚油酸代谢/α-亚麻酸代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（20∶3/18∶2）	C₄₆H₈₂NO₈P	0.02	↓
	亚油酸代谢/α-亚麻酸代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（18∶1/16∶1）	C₄₂H₈₀NO₈P	0.01	↓
	甘油磷脂代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（20∶3/18∶2）	C₄₆H₈₂NO₈P	0.02	↓
		磷脂酰乙醇胺（18∶0/18∶1）	C₄₁H₈₀NO₈P	0.02	↓
		磷脂酰胆碱（18∶1/16∶1）	C₄₂H₈₀NO₈P	0.01	↓
		磷脂酰乙醇胺（20∶1/18∶1）	C₄₃H₈₂NO₈P	0.00	↓
氨基酸代谢 Amino acid metabolism	甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸的新陈代谢	四氢嘧啶	C₆H₁₀N₂O₂	0.07	↓
氨基酸代谢 Amino acid metabolism	苯丙氨酸代谢	苯甲酰辅酶	C₂₈H₄₀N₇O₁₇P₃S	0.01	↓
碳水化合物代谢 Carbohydrate metabolism	淀粉和蔗糖代谢/半乳糖代谢	蔗糖	C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁	4.63	↑
	磷酸戊糖途径	γ-谷氨酰酪氨酸	C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₆	0.07	↓
	抗坏血酸和醛酸代谢/戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化	6-羟基-5-甲氧基吲哚葡萄糖醛酸苷	C₁₅H₁₇NO₈	0.04	↓
	抗坏血酸和醛酸代谢/戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化	5-羟基-6-甲氧基吲哚葡萄糖醛酸苷	C₁₅H₁₇NO₈	0.02	↓
糖的生物合成 Glycan biosynthesis	糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚生物合成	磷脂酰乙醇胺（18∶0/18∶1）	C₄₁H₈₀NO₈P	0.02	↓
糖的生物合成 Glycan biosynthesis	糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚生物合成	磷脂酰乙醇胺（20∶1/18∶1）	C₄₃H₈₂NO₈P	0.00	↓

代谢类型 Metabolic type	代谢通路 Metabolic pathway	代谢物 Metabolites	结构式 Structural formula	差异倍数 FoldChange	变化趋势 Changrtrend
脂质代谢 Lipid metabolism	类固醇激素的生物合成	20α-羟基-5α-孕-3-酮	C₂₁H₃₄O₂	171.10	↑
	类固醇激素的生物合成	孕甾二醇	C₂₁H₃₆O₂	64.02	↑
	鞘脂代谢	鞘磷脂（d18∶0/14∶0）	C₃₇H₇₇N₂O₆P	58.60	↑
	鞘脂代谢	鞘氨醇-1-磷酸胆碱	C₂₃H₄₉N₂O₅P	0.05	↓
	花生四烯酸代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（20∶3/18∶2）	C₄₆H₈₂NO₈P	0.02	↓
	花生四烯酸代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（18∶1/16∶1）	C₄₂H₈₀NO₈P	0.01	↓
	亚油酸代谢/α-亚麻酸代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（20∶3/18∶2）	C₄₆H₈₂NO₈P	0.02	↓
	亚油酸代谢/α-亚麻酸代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（18∶1/16∶1）	C₄₂H₈₀NO₈P	0.01	↓
	甘油磷脂代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（20∶3/18∶2）	C₄₆H₈₂NO₈P	0.02	↓
		磷脂酰乙醇胺（18∶0/18∶1）	C₄₁H₈₀NO₈P	0.02	↓
		磷脂酰胆碱（18∶1/16∶1）	C₄₂H₈₀NO₈P	0.01	↓
		磷脂酰乙醇胺（20∶1/18∶1）	C₄₃H₈₂NO₈P	0.00	↓
氨基酸代谢 Amino acid metabolism	甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸的新陈代谢	四氢嘧啶	C₆H₁₀N₂O₂	0.07	↓
氨基酸代谢 Amino acid metabolism	苯丙氨酸代谢	苯甲酰辅酶	C₂₈H₄₀N₇O₁₇P₃S	0.01	↓
碳水化合物代谢 Carbohydrate metabolism	淀粉和蔗糖代谢/半乳糖代谢	蔗糖	C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁	4.63	↑
	磷酸戊糖途径	γ-谷氨酰酪氨酸	C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₆	0.07	↓
	抗坏血酸和醛酸代谢/戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化	6-羟基-5-甲氧基吲哚葡萄糖醛酸苷	C₁₅H₁₇NO₈	0.04	↓
	抗坏血酸和醛酸代谢/戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化	5-羟基-6-甲氧基吲哚葡萄糖醛酸苷	C₁₅H₁₇NO₈	0.02	↓
糖的生物合成 Glycan biosynthesis	糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚生物合成	磷脂酰乙醇胺（18∶0/18∶1）	C₄₁H₈₀NO₈P	0.02	↓
糖的生物合成 Glycan biosynthesis	糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚生物合成	磷脂酰乙醇胺（20∶1/18∶1）	C₄₃H₈₂NO₈P	0.00	↓

代谢类型 Metabolic type	代谢通路 Metabolic pathway	代谢物 Metabolites	结构式 Structural formula	差异倍数 FoldChange	变化趋势 Changrtrend
脂质代谢 Lipid metabolism	甘油磷脂代谢	磷脂酰胆碱（20∶4/0∶0）	C₂₈H₅₀NO₇P	7.54	↑
	花生四烯酸代谢	（+/-）5，6-二羟基二十碳三烯酸	C₂₀H₃₄O₄	5.32	↑
		12-酮-10，11，14，15-四氢-白三烯B4	C₂₀H₃₄O₄	0.22	↓
		胞磷胆碱	C₁₄H₂₇N₄O₁₁P₂	0.09	↓
		TXB2-d4	C₂₀H₃₀D₄O₆	0.06	↓
	α-亚麻酸代谢	13S-HOTrE	C₁₈H₃₀O₃	0.29	↓
	脂肪酸的生物合成/不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成	油酸	C₁₈H₃₄O₂	0.26	↓
氨基酸代谢 Amino acid metabolism	甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸的新陈代谢	四氢嘧啶	C₆H₁₀N₂O₂	4.79	↑
	精氨酸的生物合成	N2-乙酰鸟氨酸	C₇H₁₄N₂O₃	4.18	↑
	组氨酸代谢	麦角硫因	C₉H₁₅N₃O₂S	0.22	↓
	半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢	DL-同型半胱氨酸	C₈H₁₆N₂O₄S₂	0.19	↓
碳水化合物代谢 Carbohydrate metabolism	氨基酸和核苷酸糖代谢	尿苷二磷酸-N-乙酰葡糖胺	C₁₇H₂₇N₃O₁₇P₂	0.33	↓