酸性矿业废水对土壤剖面中氮代谢功能基因丰度的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-1094

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤中微生物介导的氮转化过程一直是环境土壤学和土壤微生物学研究的热点,土壤污染能显著影响土壤中氮的转化过程。强酸、高盐和富含重金属的酸性矿业废水（Acid mine drainage,AMD）的排放导致农田土壤污染严重,但目前AMD对土壤中氮代谢的影响还鲜有报道。以安徽铜陵一处受AMD污染的稻田土壤为对象,基于分子生物学技术,测定AMD污染稻田土壤剖面中微生物量及参与N转化的功能基因丰度,探讨了受AMD污染的稻田土壤中影响功能基因丰度的主要因素。结果表明：AMD污染的稻田土壤中,细菌和古菌的生物量随剖面深度的增加而降低,表层土壤（0-10 cm）中参与N转化的功能基因丰度最高;土壤剖面中amoA-AOA基因的丰度大于amoA-AOB,nirK基因丰度大于nirS,amoA-AOA和nirK是AMD污染土壤剖面中氨氧化和反硝化作用的主要功能基因;与未污染土壤相比,AMD污染的稻田土壤剖面中nifH基因丰度显著降低,而nirS基因丰度显著升高;pH与nirS、amoA-AOA及HZO呈极显著负相关,铁的含量与细菌和古菌数量,以及功能基因nosZ、amoA-AOA和HZO丰度呈极显著负相关。酸性矿业废水污染农田土壤中功能基因丰度与剖面深度和土壤理化性质关系密切。

关键词: 酸性矿业废水, 土壤剖面, 氮代谢, 功能基因

Abstract: Nitrogen（N）cycle in soil,which is mainly mediated by microorganisms,has always been being hotspots in environmental soil science and soil microbiology. Soil contamination significantly affects the course of N-cycle. The discharge of acid mining drainage（AMD）with low pH and containing high contents of salt and heavy metals generally leads to serious contamination of farmland soils. However,AMD’s influence on N-cycle in soil is rarely reported. A rice paddy contaminated by AMD in Tongling,Anhui province,was chosen as the research site. Based on the technique of molecular biology,the microbial biomass and the abundance of functional genes involved in N-cycle in soil profiles were detected,and main factors affecting the abundance of functional genes in soil profiles were analyzed. The results showed that the biomass of bacteria and archaea decreased with the increase of profile depth in the AMD-contaminated paddy soil. The abundance of functional genes involved in N-cycle was the highest in topsoil（0-10 cm）. In the studied soil profiles,the abundance of amoA-AOA gene was greater than that of amoA-AOB,and the abundance of nirK gene was greater than that of nirS gene,thus amoA-AOA and nirK were the dominated functional genes of ammonia oxidation and denitrification in the AMD-contaminated soil profile. Compared with uncontaminated soil,the abundance of nifH gene in the AMD-contaminated paddy soil profile significantly reduced,while the abundance of nirS gene significantly increased. pH was significantly and negatively correlated with the abundance of nirS,amoA-AOA and HZO genes. The iron content was extremely and negatively correlated with the biomass of bacteria and archaea and the abundance of nosZ,amoA-AOA,and HZO genes. In conclusion,there is a close relationship between the abundance of functional genes and both the profile depth and the physic-chemical characters of the rice paddy AMD-contaminated soil.

Key words: acid mine drainage, soil profile, nitrogen cycle, functional gene

李慧, 查建军, 孙庆业. 酸性矿业废水对土壤剖面中氮代谢功能基因丰度的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(9): 249-256.

LI Hui ZHA, Jian-jun, SUN Qing-ye. Effects of Acid Mine Drainage on the Abundance of Functional Genes Involved in Nitrogen Cycle in Soil Profiles[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(9): 249-256.

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