小分子物质与适配体的相互作用规律

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-1106

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 经过近30年的发展,核酸适配体已逐渐成为生物、医药、材料、物理等众多学科领域关注的热点之一。小分子物质的痕量检测也在各个领域中意义重大,故有必要了解小分子与适配体的作用方式及规律。从小分子物质的分类出发,归纳整理小分子物质与适配体的作用规律,阐述现有小分子与核酸相互作用的研究方法,并探讨不同靶标分子与适配体相互作用的类型。研究发现适配体链段倾向于“缠绕”靶标小分子,使其“镶嵌”于核酸结构中。小分子化合物往往利用氢键结合适配体,两者间还存在疏水和静电相互作用。金属类靶标分子则与适配体的嘧啶基团上带负电的部分结合。分类整合小分子与适配体的作用方式及结合位点,以期为小分子适配体的发展起到一定的借鉴意义和指导作用。

关键词: 小分子化合物, 适配体, 相互作用

Abstract: After nearly 30 years of development,nucleic acid aptamers have gradually become one of the hotspots in many subject areas such as biology,medicine,materials,and physics. The trace detection of small molecular substances is also of great significance in various fields,thus it is necessary to understand the action mode and law between small molecules and aptamers. In this paper,based on the classification of small molecular substances,the action modes between small molecular substances and aptamers are summarized,the existing methods of studying interactions between small molecules and nucleic acids are expounded,and the types of interaction between different target molecules and aptamers are discussed. The results indicate that the aptamer segment tends to "wrap" the target small molecule,allowing the target to "set" in the nucleic acid structure. Small molecule compounds often utilize hydrogen bonding to bind aptamers,and there are hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the two. The metal target molecule binds to the negatively charged moiety of the pyrimidine group of the aptamer. This paper classifies the interaction modes and binding sites between small molecules and aptamers,aiming to play a reference and guide for the development of small molecule aptamers.

Key words: small molecules, aptamer, interaction

彭媛媛, 肖星凝, 朱龙佼, 陶晓奇, 许文涛. 小分子物质与适配体的相互作用规律[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(8): 201-209.

PENG Yuan-yuan, XIAO Xing-ning, ZHU Long-jiao, TAO Xiao-qi, XU Wen-tao. The Interaction Law Between Small Molecular Substances and Aptamers[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(8): 201-209.

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