蔷薇科植物果实花青苷积累研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0717

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蔷薇科植物是植物界重要组成成员,除了观赏类植物月季、玫瑰等,还包含苹果、梨和桃等食用类果树。蔷薇科果实因为富含花青苷而具有丰富多彩的颜色,深受消费者喜爱。近年来,果树学家们围绕果实花青苷积累进行了较为深入的研究,主要探究环境因素或激素信号参与花青苷积累的分子机制。综述了蔷薇科果实着色的分子调控机制,对如何提高果实花青苷积累进行了思考总结,旨为提高蔷薇科果实的商品性和内在品质作出理论支持。

关键词: 蔷薇科, 花青苷, MYB, 光照, 温度, 激素

Abstract:

Rosaceae is an important member of the plant kingdom. Besides the ornamental plants such as roses,it also contains edible fruit trees such as apples,pears and peaches. The fruits of Rosaceae are often rich in anthocyanin and have various colors,which are very popular among consumers. In recent years,fruit scientists have conducted more in-depth studies on the accumulation of anthocyanins in fruits,mainly exploring the molecular mechanisms of environmental factors or hormone signals involved in the accumulation of anthocyanins. This paper reviews the molecular regulation mechanism of Rosaceae fruit coloring,thinks and summarizes how to increase the anthocyanin accumulation of the fruit,and provides theoretical support for improving the commerciality and intrinsic quality of Rosaceae fruit.

Key words: Rosaceae, anthocyanin, MYB, light, temperature, hormone

卢雯瑩, 赵磊, 李天奇, 崔鹤云, 廖平安. 蔷薇科植物果实花青苷积累研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(1): 234-245.

LU Wen-ying, ZHAO Lei, LI Tian-qi, CUI He-yun, LIAO Ping-an. Research Advances of Fruit Anthocyanin Accumulation in Rosaceae Plants[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(1): 234-245.

图/表 4

表1 常见蔷薇科植物种属信息

属名	种名	拉丁文名	染色体数目	基因组大小/Mb
草莓属	森林草莓	Fragaria vesca	2n=2x=14	240
草莓属	草莓	Fragaria ananassa	2n=8x=56	240
苹果属	苹果	Malus domestica	n=17	750
李属	桃	Prunus persica	2n=2x=16	265
	杏	Prunus armeniaca	2n=2x=16	240
	甜樱桃	Prunus avium	2n=2x=16	338
	中国李	Prunus cerasifera	2n=2x=16
	欧洲李	Prunus domestica	2n=6x=48
梨属	欧洲梨	Pyrus communis	2n=2x=34	577
	沙梨	Pyrus pyrifolia	2n=2x=34
	白梨	Pyrus bretschneideri	2n=2x=34	509
悬钩子属	黑树莓	Rubus occidentalis	2n=2x=14	240
悬钩子属	红树莓	Rubus idaeus	2n=2x=14	240

图1 主要蔷薇科植物CHS（A）、DFR（B）和UFGT（C）蛋白多序列比较 AtCHS：拟南芥 NP_196897.1;FaCHS：草莓 AAX99413.1;MdCHS：苹果 NP_001306186.1;PpCHS-1/2：桃 XP_020411460.1/ XP_007223025.1;PavCHS：甜樱桃 AEG47337.1;PcCHS：欧洲梨 AAX16494.1。AtDFR：拟南芥 NP_199094.1;FaDFR：草莓 AAC25960.1;MdDFR：苹果 AAD26204.1;PpDFR：桃 XP_007222317.1;PavDFR：甜樱桃 AHL45016.1;PcCHS：欧洲梨 AAO39818.1。AtUFGT：拟南芥 NP_197207.1;FaUFGT：草莓 AAS89832.1;MdUFGT：苹果 AAZ79375.1;PpUFGT：桃 XP_007217952.1;PavUFGT：甜樱桃 AHL45018.1;PcUFGT-1/2：欧洲梨 AGL81353.1/ AGL50920.1

图2 主要蔷薇科植物GST转运蛋白多序列比较 AtGST：拟南芥 NP_197224.1;FvGST：草莓 XP_004288578.1;MdGST：苹果 NP_001315851.1;PpGST：桃 XP_007215953.1;PavGST：甜樱桃 XP_021823852.1;PcGST：欧洲梨 ABI79308.1

图3 主要蔷薇科植物MYB调节基因系统进化关系 AtMYB75：拟南芥 NP_176057.1;AtMYB90：拟南芥 NP_176813.1;AtMYB113：拟南芥 NP_176811.1;AtMYB114：拟南芥 NP_176812.1;AtMYB11：拟南芥 NP_191820.1;AtMYB12：拟南芥 NP_182268.1;AtMYB111：拟南芥 NP_199744.1;MdMYB1：苹果 BAM84360.1;MdMYB10：苹果 ACQ45201.1;MdMYBA 苹果 BAF80582.1;MdMYB9 苹果 NP_001280749.1;MdMYB11：苹果 NP_001280958.1;MdMYB24L：苹果 XP_008341440.1;MdMYB3：苹果 AEX08668.1;MdMYB308L 苹果 NP_001315806.1;PcMYB10：欧洲梨 ABX71487.1;PyMYB10：沙梨 ADN26574.1;PyMYB10.1：沙梨 ALN66630.1;PyMYB70：沙梨 XP_018505935.1;PyMYB114：沙梨 ASY06612.1;PbMYB10：白梨 ALU57825.1;PbMYB10b：白梨 ALU57826.1;PbMYB9：白梨 ALU57827.1;FaMYB10：草莓 ABX79947.1;PpMYB10.1：桃 XP_007216530.1;PpMYB10.2：桃 XP_007216223.1;PpMYB10.3：桃 XP_007216350.1;PpMYB10.4：桃 XP_020420992.1;PpMYB10.5：桃 XP_020420994.1;PpMYB10.6：桃 XP_020422250.1;PcMYB10.1：中国李 AKV89247.1;PcMYB10.2：中国李 AKV89248.1;PcMYB10.3：中国李 AKV89249.1;PcMYB10.4：中国李 AKV89250.1;PcMYB10.5：中国李 AKV89251.1;PcMYB10.6：中国李 AKV89252.1;PavMYB10.1：甜樱桃 ALM31949.1;PavMYBA：甜樱桃 AHL45015.1;PaMYB10：杏 ABX71490.1;AtMYB4：拟南芥 NP_195574.1;AtMYB5：拟南芥 NP_192684.1;AtMYB7：拟南芥 NP_179263.1;AtMYB32：拟南芥 NP_195225.1;MdMYB15L：苹果 NP_001280969.1;MdMYB16：苹果 ADL36756.1;MdMYB17：苹果 ADL36757.1;PbMYB120：白梨 XP_009360095.1;PbMYB3：白梨 ALU57828.1;FaMYB1：草莓 AAK84064.1;FcMYB1：智利草莓 ADK56163.1;PpMYB17 桃：ALO81020.1;PpMYB18：桃 ALO81021.1

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