外源植物激素调控微藻生长及目标产物积累研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1166

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微藻因独特的生长优势及富含油脂、蛋白质、类胡萝卜素、不饱和脂肪酸等物质，使其在生物能源、功能食品、医药保健等领域应用广泛。非生物胁迫（缺氮、高光强、高温、高盐、重金属等）是诱导藻细胞快速富集油脂等代谢物的传统且有效的手段，但通常是以牺牲微藻生长量为代价，限制了目标产物的高效积累。植物激素是一种调节微藻细胞生长代谢的重要小分子信号物质，其调控微藻的生长代谢过程主要包括促进藻细胞的分裂、调控藻类抗逆性、提高光合作用效率及重要次级代谢产物的积累等。因此，通过将植物激素和非生物胁迫相结合的手段可以进一步促进目标产物的合成并提高微藻在非生物胁迫条件下的耐受能力。论文总结了近年来被应用到微藻培养体系中的植物激素种类、可能的合成途径及其生理功能，分析了其在藻类应答非生物胁迫中的作用及对细胞生长和目标产物合成的影响，探讨了植物激素调控下微藻抵抗不同非生物胁迫的内在机制研究及其耐受逆境协同油脂积累的可能机制，并展望了外源植物激素在微藻生物质产业发展中的机遇和挑战，旨在为微藻高效培养及高附加值产物的积累提供理论依据和技术指导。

关键词: 微藻, 外源植物激素, 非生物胁迫, 生物量, 目标产物

Abstract:

Microalgae are widely used in bioenergy, functional food, medicine and health care owing to their unique growth advantages and richness in oils, proteins, carotenoids, unsaturated fatty acids and other substances. The use of abiotic stresses（nitrogen deficiency, high light intensity, high temperature, high salinity, heavy metals, etc.）is an effective and traditional means of inducing rapid enrichment of lipids and other metabolites in algal cells; however, it is usually at the expense of the growth of microalgae, which limits the efficient accumulation of target products at the expense of growth. Phytohormones are small molecule signaling substances that regulate algal cell growth and metabolism, including promoting microalgal cell proliferation，enhancing stress tolerance，elevating photosynthetic activity and promoting the accumulation of important secondary metabolites. Therefore, the combination of phytohormones and abiotic stresses can further promote the synthesis of target products and improve the tolerance of microalgae to abiotic stress conditions. Based on this, this paper summarized the types, biosynthetic pathways and physiological functions of phytohormones that have been applied to microalgae culture systems in recent years, analyzed their roles in the responses of microalgale to abiotic stresses and their effects on cell growth and target product synthesis, and discussed the internal mechanism of microalgae resistances to different abiotic stresses under the regulation of phytohormones and the possible mechanism of phytohormone-mediated stress tolerance and lipid accumulation in microalgae. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of exogenous phytohormones are also prospected in the development of microalgae industry, aiming to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient cultivation of microalgae and the accumulation of high value-added products.

Key words: microalgae, exogenous phytohormones, abiotic stress, biomass, target products

李苑虹, 郭昱昊, 曹燕, 祝振洲, 王飞飞. 外源植物激素调控微藻生长及目标产物积累研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(6): 61-72.

LI Yuan-hong, GUO Yu-hao, CAO Yan, ZHU Zhen-zhou, WANG Fei-fei. Research Progress in the Microalgal Growth and Accumulation of Target Products Regulated by Exogenous Phytohormone[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(6): 61-72.

图/表 3

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植物激素 Phytohormone	名称 Name	剂量 Dosage	微藻 Microalgae	培养条件Culture condition	结果 Results	参考文献 Reference
生长素Auxins	IAA	10^-5 mol/L	斜生栅藻Scenedesmus obliquus	BBM	生物量增加了1.9倍	[14]
	IAA	20 mg/ L	栅藻Scenedesmus sp. SDEC-8 索罗金小球藻 Chlorella sorokiniana SDEC-18	BG11	SDEC-8和SDEC-18的生物量分别提高了59.3%和76.6%	[44]
	IBA	10 mg/L	栅藻Desmodesmus sp.	BG11	生物量和脂肪含量分别提高至（1.96±0.11）g/L和（34.88±3.87）%	[38]
	IAA	5 mg/L	海洋微拟球藻 Nanochloropsis oceanica	F/2	脂肪含量提高了149.4%	[45]
	IBA	15 mg/ L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	BB	生物量增加了340%。脂质和蛋白质分别增加300%和351%	[46]
	IBA	15 mg/ L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	BB	生物量较对照提高了329%
细胞分裂素Cytokinin	BAP	10 mg/L	栅藻Desmodesmus sp.	BG11	生物量和脂质含量分别为（1.88±0.061）g/L和（31.84±1.33）%，提高了329%	[38]
	Z	0.1 mg/L	绿藻Acutodesmus obliquus	BG11	生物量增加了60.7%	[47]
赤霉素Gibberellin	GA₃	10 μmol/L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	F/2	细胞密度增加了142%	[48]
	GA₃	100 μmol/L	金藻Chrysophyte 单胞藻Monodopsis subterranean	BBM	生长后期，生物量产量和TFA产率分别提高了3.3倍和3.9倍，EPA产率提高了3.2倍	[49]
脱落酸Abscisic acid	ABA	1.0 mg/L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	BBM	脂质含量为对照的1.8倍	[50]
	ABA	10 mg/L	小球藻Chlorella sp.	BG11	脂质含量为30.31%，而对照组脂质含量仅为21.23%	[51]
水杨酸Salicylic acid	SA	10 mg/L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	BBM	脂质含量为对照组的1.6倍	[52]
茉莉酸Jasmonic acid	MeJA	1 μmol/L	金藻Chrysophyte 单胞藻Monodopsis subterranean	BBM	生长后期，生物量累积至2.7倍	[49]
	JA	0.5 mg/L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	BBM	脂质含量是对照组的两倍	[50]
油菜素甾醇Brassinosteroid	EBL	1 μmol/L	绿藻Acutodesmus obliquus	BBM	与对照组相比，细胞数量增加了99%；蛋白质水平上升了148%	[52]
褪黑素Melatonin	MT	10 μmol/L	单壳缝藻Monoraphidium sp.	BG11	脂质含量增加1.44倍	[34]
其他植物激素 Other phytohormone	2,4-D	1 mg/L	蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoidosa	城市污水摇瓶培养	微藻生物量和脂质产量的增加最为明显，分别为（0.86±0.04）和（0.46±0.02）g/L，较之分别增加了89.7%和76.5%	[53]
				室外培养	使用高度为 0.50 m、直径为 0.06 m 的玻璃柱生物反应器其最大生物量为（1.203±0.056）g/L，比对照组高80%

植物激素 Phytohormone	名称 Name	剂量 Dosage	微藻 Microalgae	培养条件Culture condition	结果 Results	参考文献 Reference
生长素Auxins	IAA	10^-5 mol/L	斜生栅藻Scenedesmus obliquus	BBM	生物量增加了1.9倍	[14]
	IAA	20 mg/ L	栅藻Scenedesmus sp. SDEC-8 索罗金小球藻 Chlorella sorokiniana SDEC-18	BG11	SDEC-8和SDEC-18的生物量分别提高了59.3%和76.6%	[44]
	IBA	10 mg/L	栅藻Desmodesmus sp.	BG11	生物量和脂肪含量分别提高至（1.96±0.11）g/L和（34.88±3.87）%	[38]
	IAA	5 mg/L	海洋微拟球藻 Nanochloropsis oceanica	F/2	脂肪含量提高了149.4%	[45]
	IBA	15 mg/ L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	BB	生物量增加了340%。脂质和蛋白质分别增加300%和351%	[46]
	IBA	15 mg/ L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	BB	生物量较对照提高了329%
细胞分裂素Cytokinin	BAP	10 mg/L	栅藻Desmodesmus sp.	BG11	生物量和脂质含量分别为（1.88±0.061）g/L和（31.84±1.33）%，提高了329%	[38]
	Z	0.1 mg/L	绿藻Acutodesmus obliquus	BG11	生物量增加了60.7%	[47]
赤霉素Gibberellin	GA₃	10 μmol/L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	F/2	细胞密度增加了142%	[48]
	GA₃	100 μmol/L	金藻Chrysophyte 单胞藻Monodopsis subterranean	BBM	生长后期，生物量产量和TFA产率分别提高了3.3倍和3.9倍，EPA产率提高了3.2倍	[49]
脱落酸Abscisic acid	ABA	1.0 mg/L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	BBM	脂质含量为对照的1.8倍	[50]
	ABA	10 mg/L	小球藻Chlorella sp.	BG11	脂质含量为30.31%，而对照组脂质含量仅为21.23%	[51]
水杨酸Salicylic acid	SA	10 mg/L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	BBM	脂质含量为对照组的1.6倍	[52]
茉莉酸Jasmonic acid	MeJA	1 μmol/L	金藻Chrysophyte 单胞藻Monodopsis subterranean	BBM	生长后期，生物量累积至2.7倍	[49]
	JA	0.5 mg/L	普通小球藻Chlorella vulgaris	BBM	脂质含量是对照组的两倍	[50]
油菜素甾醇Brassinosteroid	EBL	1 μmol/L	绿藻Acutodesmus obliquus	BBM	与对照组相比，细胞数量增加了99%；蛋白质水平上升了148%	[52]
褪黑素Melatonin	MT	10 μmol/L	单壳缝藻Monoraphidium sp.	BG11	脂质含量增加1.44倍	[34]
其他植物激素 Other phytohormone	2,4-D	1 mg/L	蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoidosa	城市污水摇瓶培养	微藻生物量和脂质产量的增加最为明显，分别为（0.86±0.04）和（0.46±0.02）g/L，较之分别增加了89.7%和76.5%	[53]
				室外培养	使用高度为 0.50 m、直径为 0.06 m 的玻璃柱生物反应器其最大生物量为（1.203±0.056）g/L，比对照组高80%