胚珠原基起始的信号与分子机制研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0247

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种子是高等植物的生殖器官，种子的形成对植物繁衍后代和农作物产量都至关重要。胚珠是种子的前体，胚珠原基起始是种子器官发生的过程，也是植物产生种子的起始步骤。不同植物中胚珠原基起始的方式不同，胚珠原基起始的调控机制研究主要在模式植物拟南芥中进行。拟南芥是多胚珠子房植物，一个果实中含有多个种子，胚珠原基起始对单果实种子数量和种子产量有较大的影响。胚珠原基起始于心皮边缘分生组织（CMM）分化形成的胎座上。已报道一些转录因子、调控蛋白以及重要的植物激素通过影响胎座形成参与调控胚珠原基起始及胚珠数目，最近的研究阐明了拟南芥的多个胚珠在同一胎座上分批发生的现象，并解析了生长素极性运输和信号响应的动态变化决定了胚珠原基异步起始的机制。本文首先介绍了不同植物中CMM和胎座形成过程及其调控因子；接着总结了胚珠原基起始研究的新进展，包括激素调控胚珠原基起始的信号网络，以及多胚珠原基群体起始的规律及其调控机制；最后提出了胚珠原基起始中的未决问题、未来研究方向以及在农业生产上的应用前景。

关键词: 胚珠原基起始, 胎座, 心皮边缘分生组织, 异步起始, 植物激素

Abstract:

The seed is the reproductive organ for angiosperm. Seed production is crucial for plant reproductive development and crop yield. Ovule is the precursor of the seed. Ovule primordia initiation is process of seed organ formation, also the first step of plant forming seed. Different species have different patterns of placenta formation and ovule initiation. The regulatory mechanism of ovule initiation has been mainly studied in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis is a multi-ovule ovaries plant, i.e., there is multiple seeds in a fruit, and ovule primordia initiation causes great impact on the single-fruit seed yield and seed yield. In Arabidopsis, ovule primordia are generated from placentae developed from the carpel margin meristem（CMM）. Transcription factors, regulators, and plant hormones are involved in regulating ovule initiation and ovule number by affecting placenta development. Currently, the rules of asynchronous ovule initiation have been identified, and the researcher also revealed that the dynamic of polar auxin transport（PAT）and auxin response determine the multiple rounds of ovule primordia initiation. In this review, we firstly introduce the process of CMM and placenta formation in different plants and their regulators, then summarize the current research progress on ovule initiation, including hormones signal network affecting ovule initiation and asynchronous ovule initiation. Finally, we raise the un-solved questions in ovule initiation, future research work, as well as application prospects in agricultural productions.

Key words: ovule primordia initiation, placenta, carpel margin meristem, asynchronous initiation, plant hormones

于世霞, 姜雨彤, 林文慧. 胚珠原基起始的信号与分子机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(2): 1-9.

YU Shi-xia, JIANG Yu-tong, LIN Wen-hui. Research Progress in Signals and Molecular Mechanisms of Ovule Primordia Initiation[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(2): 1-9.

图/表 2

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