‘重瓣红’玫瑰不同花发育阶段转录和代谢差异分析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0729

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究调控‘重瓣红’玫瑰花发育过程中花香关键基因和代谢通路，对花不同发育阶段样本进行转录组和代谢组测序分析。转录组学分析在花蕾期、初开期、半开期、盛开期和落花期对比中分别检测出4 435、2 444、7 021、4 123个差异表达基因，其中5个阶段共有差异基因214个。代谢组学共检测到508个代谢物，230个差异代谢物，在不同发育时期代谢物有明显的差异，代谢物被分为4簇。在分析玫瑰花香苯环类和萜烯类合成途径中，发现差异表达基因58个，差异代谢物11个。结合转录组和代谢组分析，花发育过程基因和挥发物质变化明显，花蕾期形成单萜类物质，半开期挥发物逐渐积累，落花期代谢物释放量减少，典型玫瑰花香物质主要在半开期形成。因此，选择合适采收时间有助于玫瑰花香品质的形成与保留。

关键词: 重瓣红玫瑰, 花发育, 差异基因, 差异代谢物

Abstract:

In order to explore the key genes and metabolic pathways regulating floral aroma during the development of ‘Rose rugosa cv. Plena’, transcriptome and metabolome sequencing were performed on the samples at different development stages of flowers. The 4435, 2444, 7021 and 4123 differentially expressed genes in the comparison of flower bud stage, early opening stage, half opening stage, full opening stage and falling stage respectively were detected via transcriptomics analysis, of which 214 were differentially expressed genes in five stages. A total of 508 metabolites and 230 differential metabolites were detected by metabonomics. There were significant differences in metabolites at different developmental stages, and the metabolites were divided into 4 clusters. The 58 differentially expressed genes and 11 differentially expressed metabolites were found in the analysis of synthetic pathways of phenylpropanoid and terpene in ‘Rosa rugosa’. Combined with transcriptome and metabolome analysis, the genes and volatile substances changed significantly during flower development. Monoterpenoids were formed in flower bud stage, volatiles gradually accumulated in half opening stage, and the release of metabolites decreased in falling stage. Typical rose aroma substances were mainly formed in half opening stage. Therefore, choosing the appropriate harvest time is conducive to the formation and retention of rose fragrance quality.

Key words: Rose rugosa cv. Plena, flower development, differential gene, differential metabolite

赵艳侠, 张晶莹, 孙骏飞, 王绛辉, 孙家波, 吕晓惠. ‘重瓣红’玫瑰不同花发育阶段转录和代谢差异分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(3): 184-195.

ZHAO Yan-xia, ZHANG Jing-ying, SUN Jun-fei, WANG Jiang-hui, SUN Jia-bo, LV Xiao-hui. Analyses of Transcription and Metabolic Differential in the Flower Development Processes of ‘Rose rugosa cv. Plena’[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(3): 184-195.

图/表 12

图1 不同花发育阶段的‘重瓣红’玫瑰 S1，花蕾期；S2，初开期；S3，半开期；S4，盛开期；S5，落花期

Fig. 1 ‘Rose rugosa cv. Plena’ at different flower develo-pment stages S1, bud stage; S2, early opening stage; S3, half opening stage; S4, full opening stage; S5, falling stage

表1 转录组测序结果统计

Table 1 Statistics of transcriptome sequencing data assembly

样品Sample	干净数据Clean reads/条	干净碱基Clean bases/条	Q30/%	GC%	总覆盖率Total map	单基因簇覆盖率Uniqene map
S1_1	43560704	6.53G	93.11	46.38	38653888（88.74%）	37024958（85.0%）
S1_2	41108142	6.17G	93.59	46.24	36527928（88.86%）	34961281（85.05%）
S1_3	41270832	6.19G	92.90	46.57	36416339（88.24%）	34853914（84.45%）
S2_1	40157090	6.02G	92.70	46.15	35191533（87.63%）	33462150（83.33%）
S2_2	40792264	6.12G	93.43	46.00	36413732（89.27%）	34522803（84.63%）
S2_3	50193776	7.53G	93.74	44.87	44201173（88.06%）	41939032（83.55%）
S3_1	42675712	6.4G	92.93	46.36	37888228（88.78%）	35915909（84.16%）
S3_2	38782360	5.82G	93.87	45.44	34250173（88.31%）	32535926（83.89%）
S3_3	39070016	5.86G	93.88	46.28	34707961（88.84%）	32862481（84.11%）
S4_1	48560062	7.28G	93.19	46.35	42964625（88.48%）	41292162（85.03%）
S4_2	43634520	6.55G	93.42	46.53	38758791（88.83%）	37288218（85.46%）
S4_3	41766500	6.26G	94.09	46.32	37080845（88.78%）	35641262（85.33%）
S5_1	44557882	6.68G	93.32	46.36	39238867（88.06%）	37801285（84.84%）
S5_2	46285840	6.94G	93.00	46.18	40765093（88.07%）	39282444（84.87%）
S5_3	43097136	6.46G	93.23	46.15	38142503（88.5%）	36731475（85.23%）

图2 S1到S5的差异表达基因 A：差异基因数量；B：差异基因维恩图

Fig. 2 Differentially expressed genes（DEGs）from S1 to S5 A: Numbers of DEGs. B: Venn diagram of DEGs

图3 花不同发育时期差异基因聚类热图

Fig. 3 Cluster heat map of differentially expressed genes at different developmental stages of flowers

图4 差异表达基因GO富集分析

Fig. 4 GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes

图5 差异表达基因KEGG富集分析

Fig. 5 KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes

图6 代谢物主成分分析

Fig. 6 Principal component analysis of metabolites

图7 花不同发育时期代谢物聚类热图

Fig. 7 Cluster heat map of metabolites at different develo-pmental stages of flowers

图8 代谢物差异分析

Fig. 8 Metabolite difference analysis

图9 差异代谢物的整体分布

Fig. 9 Overall distribution of differential metabolites

图10 花发育阶段萜烯类生物合成的代谢组和转录组分析五个花发育阶段的基因表达水平（Log2-FPRM）由绿色到红色的颜色渐变表示。当基因表达FPRM≤1 在Log2转换后被设置为0。蓝色到红色的网格渐变分别用来代表S2/S1、S3/S1、S4/S1、S5/S1代谢物的比值

Fig. 10 Metabolomic and transcript profiling in the terpene biosynthetic in flower development stages Gene expression levels（Log2 FPRM）in five flower development stages in rose are represented by color gradation from green to red. Gene expression with FPRM ≤ 1 was set to 0 after log2 transformation. Grids with a color-scale from blue to red represent values of metabolite S2/S1, S3/S1, S4/S1 and S5/S1, respectively

图11 花发育阶段苯丙烷生物合成的代谢组和转录组分析

Fig. 11 Metabolomic and transcript profiling in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in flower development stages

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