肠道菌群及代谢物调控宿主肠道免疫的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1530

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肠道菌群是一个稳定且复杂的微生态系统，其在长期进化过程中与宿主建立了稳定的共生关系，且微生物的活动直接影响着宿主的健康。它们不仅在宿主营养物质的消化代谢和机体发育等方面发挥重要作用，而且与宿主的免疫和疾病密切相关。肠道菌群和机体免疫系统之间的相互作用机制十分复杂，受多种环境因素的影响，至今尚未完全阐明。微生物代谢物及微生物-机体共代谢物对调控免疫功能具有重要作用，逐渐引起研究者们的重视。因此，本文在介绍肠道及其在宿主防御中的作用的基础上，就肠道微生物及肠道内代谢产物如何促进宿主免疫系统发育、调节宿主免疫反应等进行了综述。旨在为进一步研究肠道微生物及代谢物与机体免疫系统互作提供参考，同时为改善畜禽肠道健康的营养措施提供理论依据。

关键词: 肠道菌群, 代谢物, 肠道屏障, 肠黏膜免疫

Abstract:

The gut microbiota is a stable and complex microecosystem. After a long period of evolution, these microorganisms have established a stable symbiotic relationship with the host. The activity of the microorganism directly affects the health of the host. They not only play an important role in digestion and metabolism of host nutrients and body development, but also are closely related to host immunity and disease. The interaction mechanism between the gut microbiota and the body's immune system is very complex, and it has not yet been fully elucidated by various environmental factors. Microbial metabolites and microbial-body co-metabolites play an important role in regulating immune function, which gradually attract researchers’ attention. Therefore, on the basis of introducing the intestine and its role in host defense, this article reviews how intestinal microbes and metabolites in the intestine promote the development of the host's immune system and regulate the host's immune response. The purpose is to provide a reference for further research on the interaction between gut microbiota and metabolites and the body's immune system, and concurrently to provide a theoretical basis for nutritional measures to improve the intestinal health of livestock and poultry.

Key words: gut microbiota, metabolites, intestinal barrier, intestinal mucosal immunity

沙珊珊, 董世荣, 杨玉菊. 肠道菌群及代谢物调控宿主肠道免疫的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(8): 126-136.

SHA Shan-shan, DONG Shi-rong, YANG Yu-ju. Research Progress in Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Regulating Host Intestinal Immunity[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 126-136.

图/表 1

图1 肠道菌群及代谢产物对肠道免疫系统的调控作用箭头表示促进，平头箭头表示抑制。SCFAs：短链脂肪酸；HDACs：组蛋白去乙酰化酶；IL：白细胞介素；Th：辅助性T细胞；Treg：调节性T细胞；TGF-β：转化生长因子-β；GPR：G蛋白偶联受体；sIgA：分泌型免疫球蛋白A；AhR activation：芳香烃受体激活；Foxp3：叉状头转录因子p3；TNF：肿瘤坏死因子；DC：树突状细胞；IFN-γ：γ干扰素

Fig. 1 Regulation of gut microbiota and metabolites on intestinal immune system The narrow arrows indicate promotions, flat-head arrows indicate inhibitions. SCFAs: Short chain fatty acid. HDACs: Histone deacetylase. IL: Interleukin. Th: Helper T cells. Treg: Regulatory T cell. TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta. GPR: G-protein-coupled receptors. sIgA: Secretory immunoglobulin A. AhR activation: Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor activation. Foxp3: Fork-headed transcription factor p3. TNF: Tumor necrosis factor. DC: Dendritic cell. IFN-γ: Gamma interferon

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