生物技术通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 118-127.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0289

• 技术与方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

细胞特异性核酸适配体在疾病治疗中的应用

钟朝滨1(), 朱龙佼2, 张博洋2, 张洋子1, 陈可仁1, 许文涛2()   

  1. 1.中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京 100083
    2.中国农业大学营养与健康系 食品精准营养与质量控制教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-29 出版日期:2023-12-26 发布日期:2024-01-11
  • 通讯作者: 许文涛,男,博士,教授,研究方向:功能核酸生物传感器;E-mail: xuwentao@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:钟朝滨,男,硕士研究生,研究方向:营养与食品安全;E-mail: zhaobin97@139.com
  • 基金资助:
    北京市设施蔬菜创新团队项目(BAIC01);国家自然科学基金国家重大科研仪器研制项目(2192780096);中国农业大学 2115 人才工程资助(00109012)

Application of Cell-specific Nucleic Acid Aptamers in Disease Treatment

ZHONG Zhao-bin1(), ZHU Long-jiao2, ZHANG Bo-yang2, ZHANG Yang-zi1, CHEN Ke-ren1, XU Wen-tao2()   

  1. 1. College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
    2. Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
  • Received:2023-03-29 Published:2023-12-26 Online:2024-01-11

摘要:

核酸适配体是由20-100个核苷酸组成的单链脱氧核糖核酸(ssDNA)或核糖核酸(RNA),一般是通过指数富集的配体系统进化技术(SELEX)进行筛选。核酸适配体可以与多种靶标物质特异性结合,包括毒素、金属离子、生物大分子、微生物等,已被广泛应用于食品检测、医疗诊断等领域。细胞作为人体最基本的组成单位是大多数疾病病理机制和治疗策略的研究重心。近年来,核酸疗法以更安全更高效的优势成为疾病治疗领域的研究重心,研究人员认识到核酸适配体的靶向结合能力可以应用到细胞的靶向治疗中。因此,开发出Cell-SELEX技术用于筛选可以靶向细胞标志物的核酸适配体。细胞特异性核酸适配体与传统的核酸适配体的区别,在于它们的特异性靶标是细胞成分,它们可以直接结合与细胞生长和代谢相关的物质影响细胞生理活动,也可以作为靶向递送工具递送药物,在疾病的精准治疗中具有突破性影响。因此,细胞特异性核酸适配体引发了广泛关注。本文对细胞特异性核酸适配体在多种疾病治疗中的研究进展进行了综述,以期为其在人类疾病治疗中的应用提供参考。

关键词: 核酸适配体, 细胞特异性, 核酸疗法, 靶向治疗, 疾病治疗

Abstract:

Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid(ssDNA)or ribonucleic acid(RNA)composed of 20 to 100 nucleotides, and are generally screened by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment(SELEX). Aptamers can specifically bind to a variety of target substances, including toxins, metal ions, biological macromolecules, microorganisms, etc., and have been widely used in food detection, medical diagnosis, and other fields. As the most basic unit of the human body, cells are the focus of research on the pathological mechanism and treatment strategy of most diseases. In recent years, nucleic acid therapy has become the focus of research in the field of disease treatment with the advantages of safer and more efficient one. Researchers realized that the targeted binding ability of nucleic acid aptamers can be applied to cell targeted therapy. Cell-specific aptamers are different from traditional aptamers in that their specific targets are cellular components. They can directly bind to substances related to cell growth and metabolism to affect cell physiological activities, and can also be used as targeted delivery tools to deliver drugs, which has a breakthrough effect in the precision treatment of diseases. Cell-specific nucleic acid aptamers have attracted much attention. In this article, we review the research progress of cell-specific nucleic acid aptamers in the treatment of a variety of diseases in order to provide reference for their application in the treatment of human diseases.

Key words: nucleic acid aptamers, cell-specific, nucleic acid therapy, targeted therapy, disease treatment