Surfactin的结构、生物合成及其在生物防治中的作用

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0509

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Surfactin是由多种芽孢杆菌产生的一种脂肽，其由一个环七肽头基通过内脂键与链长12-17个碳原子的β-羟基脂肪酸连接组成，是一种非常有效的生物表面活性剂，并具有重要的生物学功能。本文介绍了surfactin家族的结构和生物合成模式，surfactin是由非核糖体肽合成酶催化合成，这种机制赋予了surfactin家族成员的结构多样性；综述了surfactin在植物病害生防中的作用及机制。已有的研究表明surfactin在生物防治中的作用机制主要有以下4种方式：（1）损伤病原菌细胞膜，引起细胞膜裂解或渗透压失衡；（2）抑制病原体繁殖；（3）诱导植株系统抗性；（4）促进生防菌株的定殖或生物膜的形成。进一步总结了利用基因工程技术研究surfactin的最新进展，以指导surfactin的生物合成及其新衍生物开发。Surfactin的高度结构多样性，使其具有丰富的物理化学特性，这些特性可以与多种生物活性联系在一起，将在不同的领域有更广泛应用。随着对surfactin生物合成研究的日益深入，将会有更多高性能和广阔应用前景的新型脂肽被研发，这为surfactin的进一步研究和生防应用提供依据。

关键词: surfactin, 生物表面活性剂, 生物防治, 环脂肽, 生物合成, 结构, 诱导系统抗性

Abstract:

As a lipopeptide produced by various strains of Bacillus spp., surfactin is composed of a cyclo-heptapeptide head group connected to β-hydroxy fatty acids with a chain length of 12 to 17 carbon atoms by endosomal bonds. It is a very powerful biosurfactant and has significant biological functions. In this paper, we reviewed the structure, biosynthesis model and the role of surfactin lipopeptides in biological control of plant diseases. Surfactin is synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, which endows the structural diversity of surfactin family members. Previous studies found that the action mechanism of surfactin lipopeptides in biological control of plant disease mainly are in four ways. 1）It caused damage to the cell membrane of pathogen, resulting in its cell membrane rupture or osmotic pressure imbalance. 2）It inhibited the reproduction of pathogen. 3）It induced systemic resistance（ISR）in plants. 4）It promoted the colonization of biocontrol strains or the formation of their biofilms. The current information about surfactin using genetic engineering techniques is also highlighted to guide the biosynthesis of surfactin and to develop new derivatives. Surfactin is rich in physical and chemical properties due to its high structural diversity, which can be associated with a variety of biological activities and may have a wider range of applications in different fields. With the increasingly in-depth research on the biosynthesis of surfactin, more new lipopeptides with high performance and wide application will be developed, which will provide the basis for further research and biocontrol application of surfactin.

Key words: surfactin, biosurfactant, biological control, cyclic lipopeptide, biosynthesis, structure, induction of systemic resistance

王俊芳, 黄秋斌, 张飘丹, 张彭湃. Surfactin的结构、生物合成及其在生物防治中的作用[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(1): 100-112.

WANG Jun-fang, HUANG Qiu-bin, ZHANG Piao-dan, ZHANG Peng-pai. Structure and Biosynthesis of Surfactin as well as Its Role in Biological Control[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(1): 100-112.

图/表 4

图1 Surfactin、fengycin和iturin A的结构

Fig. 1 Structures of surfactin, fengycin and iturin A

图2 非核糖体肽生物合成的原理（A）非核糖体肽合成酶（nonribosomal peptide synthetases, NRPSs）相关结构域的晶体结构；（B）NRPSs的作用原理图；（C）NRPSs结构域的催化反应。由TE酶结构域负责脂肽的环化和释放，I为水解方式，得到线性产物；II为环化方式，得到环状产物；具体哪种方式取决于NRPSs模板的识别特性

Fig. 2 Principle of non-ribosomal peptide（NRP）biosynthesis （A）Crystal structure of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases（NRPSs）related domain.（B）The principle of action of NRPSs.（C）Catalytic reaction of NRPSs structure domain. The TE enzyme domain is responsible for the cyclization and release of lipopeptides. In the figure, I is the linear product obtained through hydrolysis method, while II is the cyclization method to obtain cyclic products. The specific method depends on the recognition characteristics of the NRPSs

图3 Surfactin合成基因簇组成 A：Surfactin生物合成基因簇，srfAA、srfAB、srfAC和srfAD为NRPS的结构基因；B：SrfAA-SrfAD的经典模块组成；C：SrfAA-SrfAD的结构域

Fig. 3 Composition of gene cluster of surfactin biosynthesis A: Surfactin biosynthesis gene cluster, and the structural genes of NRPS for biosynthesis of surfactin are sfAA, srfAB, srfAC, and srfAD. B: Classic module composition of SrfAA-SrfAD. C: Domain architecture of SrfAA-SrfAD

图4 Surfactin的生防作用示意图

Fig. 4 Schematic representation of biocontrol effects of surfactin

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