贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生防次级代谢产物研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0867

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）是生防芽孢杆菌中的重要代表，作为微生物农药的核心菌种，已被广泛应用于作物病害生物防治。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌具有植物内生性，其生防作用机制主要包括产生次级代谢产物对抗植物病原物；改善宿主植物根际微生物群落，促进宿主营养和生长；激发宿主植物产生防御反应，诱导植物获得系统抗性。其中，产生次级代谢产物是其最重要的生防作用机制。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌含有多个编码生物合成次级代谢产物的基因簇，其中包括编码聚酮化合物合酶（PKS）和非核糖体肽合成酶（NRPS）的基因簇，同时存在核糖体途径合成次级代谢产物基因簇。通过非核糖体途径可产生脂肽类化合物、聚酮类化合物、二肽和铁载体；通过核糖体途径产生小菌素、细菌素、羊毛硫抗生素。这些具有生物活性的次级代谢产物成为了天然新药和候选抗生素的储存库，对于解析生防菌作用机制具有重要意义。本文综述了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的命名与更迭，产生次级代谢产物的类型、合成与调控基因以及靶标病原菌，以期为生防菌株的改良和生物农药的研发提供参考。

关键词: 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌, 生物防治, 生防作用机制, 次级代谢产物, 次级代谢产物基因簇

Abstract:

Bacillus velezensis is an important representative of biocontrol strains in the genus Bacillus. It is widely used as the core strain of biological pesticide in the biocontrol of plant diseases. B. velezensis has endophytic properties in plants, and its biocontrol mechanism mainly includes three aspects. Firstly, it can produce the secondary metabolites against pathogens. Secondly, it can improve host plant microbial community to promote host nutrition and growth. The last, it can stimulate the plant to produce a defense response and develop systemic resistance. Among them, the production of secondary metabolites is the most important mechanism of biocontrol. B. velezensis contains multiple biosynthesis gene clusters encoding secondary metabolites, including gene clusters encoding polyketide synthase（PKS）and non-ribosomal peptide synthase（NRPS）, as well as gene clusters for ribosomal pathway synthesis of secondary metabolites. B. velezensis can produce plantazolicin, amylocyclicin, and mersacidin through the ribosomal pathway, and produce lipopeptides, polyketides, bacilysin, and bacillibactin through non-ribosomal pathways. These bioactive secondary metabolites have become repositories of natural new drugs and candidate antibiotics, which is of great significance for analyzing the mechanism of biocontrol action. This paper reviews the naming and alteration, the types of secondary metabolites, synthesis and regulation genes, and target pathogens of B. velezensis. It aims to provide a scientific basis for new theories and applications of strain improvement and plant disease biological control.

Key words: Bacillus velezensis, biological control, biological control mechanism, secondary metabolites, secondary metabolite gene cluster

许沛冬, 易剑锋, 陈迪, 潘磊, 谢丙炎, 赵文军. 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌生防次级代谢产物研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(3): 75-88.

XU Pei-dong, YI Jian-feng, CHEN Di, PAN Lei, XIE Bing-yan, ZHAO Wen-jun. Research Progress in the Biocontrol Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus velezensis[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(3): 75-88.

图/表 4

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类型 Type	次级代谢产物 Secondary metabolite	防控作用 Controlling effects	靶标病原 Target pathogen	参考文献 Reference
小菌素 Microcin	Plantazolicin	革兰氏阳性细菌Gram-positive bacteria	Bacillus spp.	[34]
		线虫Nematodes		[45]
			Paenibacillus granivorans	[34]
			Micrococcus luteus
			Meloidogyne incognita	[41]
细菌素Bacteriocin	Amylocyclicin	革兰氏阳性细菌Gram-positive bacteria	Bacillus spp.	[35]
			Clavibacter michiganensis
			Micrococcus luteus
			Paenibacillus granivorans
			Paenibacillus polymyxa
			Staphylococcus aureus	[46]
羊毛硫抗生素 Lantibiotic	Mersacidin	细菌Bacteria	Staphylococcus aureus	[48] [50] [56]

类型 Type	次级代谢产物 Secondary metabolite	防控作用 Controlling effects	靶标病原 Target pathogen	参考文献 Reference
小菌素 Microcin	Plantazolicin	革兰氏阳性细菌Gram-positive bacteria	Bacillus spp.	[34]
		线虫Nematodes		[45]
			Paenibacillus granivorans	[34]
			Micrococcus luteus
			Meloidogyne incognita	[41]
细菌素Bacteriocin	Amylocyclicin	革兰氏阳性细菌Gram-positive bacteria	Bacillus spp.	[35]
			Clavibacter michiganensis
			Micrococcus luteus
			Paenibacillus granivorans
			Paenibacillus polymyxa
			Staphylococcus aureus	[46]
羊毛硫抗生素 Lantibiotic	Mersacidin	细菌Bacteria	Staphylococcus aureus	[48] [50] [56]