草莓病害的生物防治研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1296

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草莓是一种重要的经济作物，但各类病害导致草莓产业遭受大量损失。生物防治是防治草莓病害的重要手段之一，受到相关产业人员重视。本文总结了与草莓病害生物防治和研究相关的微生物来源，并对包括抗生作用、竞争作用、真菌重寄生、促生作用和诱导抗性系统等草莓病害生物防治的相关机制进行了综述。结合近年来草莓生物防治的研究进展，提出调节微生物群落结构是一类重要的生物防治策略，即改变草莓相关微生物群落结构和微生态环境，增加有益菌丰度和减少病原菌数量，间接抑制草莓病害发生。近年来，生防噬菌体和人工构建微生物组为植物病害的生物防治提供了新的方向，分析了其用于草莓病害生物防治的可能性，旨在为研究人员提供较为全面的草莓病害生物防治方法及其机制分析，为草莓产业可持续发展提供理论参考。

关键词: 草莓, 生物防治, 机制, 生防制剂, 微生物群落

Abstract:

Strawberry is an important economic crop，but various diseases cause a lot of losses to strawberry industry. Biological control is one of the important measures to manage strawberry diseases and has been valued by relevant personnel. Here we summarized the microorganisms associated with biological agents and research on strawberry diseases，and reviewed the mechanisms of biological control of strawberry diseases，including antibiosis，competition，mycoparasitism，growth promotion，and induced-resistance system. Based on the research achievements of strawberry biocontrol in recent years，we proposed that regulating microbial community structure was an important biocontrol strategy，i.e.，it indirectly inhibited the occurrence of strawberry diseases by increasing the abundance of beneficial microorganisms and reducing the number of pathogens to change the structure of microbial community and microecological environment. Biocontrol phages and synthetic microbiome have provided new insights for biological control of plant diseases，and we also analyzed the possibility of their application in the biological control of strawberry diseases. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of biological control mechanisms related to strawberry diseases and prospects of the synthetic microbiome for the development of sustainable strawberry agriculture.

Key words: strawberry, biocontrol, mechanisms, biocontrol agents, microbiomes

严聪文, 苏代发, 代庆忠, 张振荣, 田云霞, 董琼娥, 周文星, 陈杉艳, 童江云, 崔晓龙. 草莓病害的生物防治研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(12): 73-87.

YAN Cong-wen, SU Dai-fa, DAI Qing-zhong, ZHANG Zhen-rong, TIAN Yun-xia, DONG Qiong-e, ZHOU Wen-xing, CHEN Shan-yan, TONG Jiang-yun, CUI Xiao-long. Advances in Biological Control of Strawberry Diseases[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(12): 73-87.

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门Phylum	属Genus	种Species	病原菌Pathogens	作用机制Mechanisms
Firmicutes	Bacillus	B. velezensis	Neopestalotiopsis clavispora	促生作用^[4]
			Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	抗生作用^[21]
		B. megaterium	Colletotrichum thebromicoia	未说明^[22]
		B. licheniformis	Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae	抗生作用^[23]
			Ramularia tulasnei	促生作用、诱导系统抗性^[24]
		B. methylotrophicus	R. tulasnei	促生作用、诱导系统抗性^[24]
		B. amyloliquefaciens	F. oxysporum	调节微生物群落结构^[25]、促生作用^[26]、未说明^[27]
			C. gloeosporioides	未说明^[28]
			Botrytis cinerea	未说明^[29]
			N. clavispora	促生作用^[4]
			R. tulasnei	促生作用、诱导系统抗性^[24]
		B. subtilis	Colletotrichum fragariae	未说明^[30]
			Rhizopus stolonifer	未说明^[31]
			C. gloeosporioides	抗生作用^[32]
			N. clavispora	促生作用^[4]
			Podosphaera aphanis	促生作用^[33]
			R. tulasnei	促生作用、诱导系统抗性^[24]
	Lactobacillus	L. plantarum	B. cinerea	竞争作用^[34]
			Xanthomonas fragariae	未说明^[35]
	Staphylococcus	S. sciuri	C. nymphaeae	促生作用^[36]
	Paenibacillus	P. polymyxa	F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae	促生作用^[37]
Proteobacteria	Pseudomonas	P. fluorescens	B. cinerea, C. gloeosporioides, Phytophthora cactorum, R. stolonifer	抗生作用^[32]、未说明^[38-39]
		P. putida	X. fragariae	竞争作用^[40]
	Stenotrophomonas	S. maltophilia	Colletotrichum nymphaeae	促生作用^[36]
	Burkholderia	B. contaminans	B. cinerea	未说明^[41]
Actinobacteria	Streptomyces	S. thermocarboxydus	Glomerella cingulata	未说明^[42]
		S. hygroscopicus	F. oxysporum	抗生作用^[43]
		S. albospinus	F. oxysporum	促生作用^[44]
		S. cerevisiae	B. cinerea	抗生作用^[45]
Ascomycota	Trichoderma	T. asperellum	C. fragariae	竞争作用、抗生作用、真菌重寄生^[46]
		T. harzianum	B. cinerea	诱导系统抗性^[47]
		T. guizhouense	F. oxysporum	调节微生物群落结构^[25]
	Metschnikowia	M. pulcherrima	Alternaria，Botrytis	抗生作用^[48]
		M. sinensis	Fusarium，Rhizopus
		M. andauensis	Verticillium
	Hanseniaspora	H. uvarum	B. cinerea	抗生作用^[49?-51]、诱导系统抗性^[52]
	Wickerhamomyces	W. anomalus	B. cinerea	抗生作用^[45]
	Purpureocillium	P. lilacinum	C. gloeosporioides, B. cinerea, P. aphanis	促生作用^[33]
	Clonostachys	C. rosea
	Cladophialophora	C. chaetospira	F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae	抗生作用、促生作用^[53]
	Candida	C. intermedia	B. cinerea	促生作用^[33]
	Cladophialophora	C. chaetospira	F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae	抗生作用、促生作用^[53]
Mucoromycota	Funneliformis	F. mosseae	P. aphanis	促生作用^[54]
	Rhizophagus	R. intraradices

门Phylum	属Genus	种Species	病原菌Pathogens	作用机制Mechanisms
Firmicutes	Bacillus	B. velezensis	Neopestalotiopsis clavispora	促生作用^[4]
			Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	抗生作用^[21]
		B. megaterium	Colletotrichum thebromicoia	未说明^[22]
		B. licheniformis	Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae	抗生作用^[23]
			Ramularia tulasnei	促生作用、诱导系统抗性^[24]
		B. methylotrophicus	R. tulasnei	促生作用、诱导系统抗性^[24]
		B. amyloliquefaciens	F. oxysporum	调节微生物群落结构^[25]、促生作用^[26]、未说明^[27]
			C. gloeosporioides	未说明^[28]
			Botrytis cinerea	未说明^[29]
			N. clavispora	促生作用^[4]
			R. tulasnei	促生作用、诱导系统抗性^[24]
		B. subtilis	Colletotrichum fragariae	未说明^[30]
			Rhizopus stolonifer	未说明^[31]
			C. gloeosporioides	抗生作用^[32]
			N. clavispora	促生作用^[4]
			Podosphaera aphanis	促生作用^[33]
			R. tulasnei	促生作用、诱导系统抗性^[24]
	Lactobacillus	L. plantarum	B. cinerea	竞争作用^[34]
			Xanthomonas fragariae	未说明^[35]
	Staphylococcus	S. sciuri	C. nymphaeae	促生作用^[36]
	Paenibacillus	P. polymyxa	F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae	促生作用^[37]
Proteobacteria	Pseudomonas	P. fluorescens	B. cinerea, C. gloeosporioides, Phytophthora cactorum, R. stolonifer	抗生作用^[32]、未说明^[38-39]
		P. putida	X. fragariae	竞争作用^[40]
	Stenotrophomonas	S. maltophilia	Colletotrichum nymphaeae	促生作用^[36]
	Burkholderia	B. contaminans	B. cinerea	未说明^[41]
Actinobacteria	Streptomyces	S. thermocarboxydus	Glomerella cingulata	未说明^[42]
		S. hygroscopicus	F. oxysporum	抗生作用^[43]
		S. albospinus	F. oxysporum	促生作用^[44]
		S. cerevisiae	B. cinerea	抗生作用^[45]
Ascomycota	Trichoderma	T. asperellum	C. fragariae	竞争作用、抗生作用、真菌重寄生^[46]
		T. harzianum	B. cinerea	诱导系统抗性^[47]
		T. guizhouense	F. oxysporum	调节微生物群落结构^[25]
	Metschnikowia	M. pulcherrima	Alternaria，Botrytis	抗生作用^[48]
		M. sinensis	Fusarium，Rhizopus
		M. andauensis	Verticillium
	Hanseniaspora	H. uvarum	B. cinerea	抗生作用^[49?-51]、诱导系统抗性^[52]
	Wickerhamomyces	W. anomalus	B. cinerea	抗生作用^[45]
	Purpureocillium	P. lilacinum	C. gloeosporioides, B. cinerea, P. aphanis	促生作用^[33]
	Clonostachys	C. rosea
	Cladophialophora	C. chaetospira	F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae	抗生作用、促生作用^[53]
	Candida	C. intermedia	B. cinerea	促生作用^[33]
	Cladophialophora	C. chaetospira	F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae	抗生作用、促生作用^[53]
Mucoromycota	Funneliformis	F. mosseae	P. aphanis	促生作用^[54]
	Rhizophagus	R. intraradices