L-抗坏血酸联合超声处理鲜切芋艿的最佳条件

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0088

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】确定L-抗坏血酸（L-ascorbic acid, AA）联合超声（ultrasound, US）处理鲜切‘六月红芋’的最佳条件，并探究其保鲜效果。【方法】以永定‘六月红芋’为试材，通过对比自来水、纯水、去离子水、9%蔗糖溶液、1%碳酸钠溶液、1%氯化钠溶液、1% AA溶液以及不同有效氯质量浓度（20、40、60、80 mg/L）的微酸性电解水等11种保鲜护色液，筛选出对鲜切‘六月红芋’保鲜效果最佳的护色液。随后，进行AA与乙醇复配液处理，实验结果显示，AA单独使用的保鲜效果更佳。通过测定褐变度、硬度、pH值、相对电导率及感官评价得分等指标，进一步深入研究AA与US联合（AS）处理对鲜切‘六月红芋’贮藏品质的影响，以明确AS处理对鲜切‘六月红芋’的保鲜效果。【结果】在AA浓度为2%、浸泡时间为15 min、US处理时间为10 min、US频率为53 kHz、US功率为400 W的条件下，鲜切‘六月红芋’的感官品质最好。AS处理有效抑制褐变度的增加，维持酸度稳定性，减缓硬度的下降，保持细胞膜的完整性和较高的感官评分，这些参数为AS处理鲜切‘六月红芋’的最佳条件。【结论】在不同浸泡液中筛选得到AA为最佳护色液，并确定AS处理鲜切芋艿的最佳条件。AS处理能够显著提高鲜切‘六月红芋’的保鲜效果。

关键词: L-抗坏血酸, 超声处理, 浸泡处理, 鲜切芋艿, 六月红芋, 褐变, 保鲜效果

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to determine the optimal conditions for the combined treatment of fresh-cut ‘June Red Taro’ with L-ascorbic acid（AA）and ultrasound（US）, and to investigate its preservation effects.【Method】Yongding ‘June Red Taro’ was used as the test material. Initially, 11 types of various preservative solutions，including tap water, pure water, deionized water, 9% sucrose solution, 1% sodium carbonate solution, 1% sodium chloride solution, 1% AA solution, and slightly acidic electrolyzed water（20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L）, were used to identify the most effective one for preserving fresh-cut ‘June Red Taro’. Subsequently, the preservative effects of AA and ethanol mixture on fresh-cut ‘June Red Taro’ was studied. The experimental results indicated that AA showed the best preservative effect. Based on this finding, a further exploration was conducted to investigate the specific impacts of AA and US combined treatment（AS）on the storage quality of fresh-cut ‘June Red Taro’. Metrics such as browning degree, hardness, pH value, relative conductivity, and sensory evaluation scores were measured to determine whether the AS treatment further enhanced the preservative effect.【Result】The experimental results demonstrated that the sensory quality of fresh-cut ‘June Red Taro’ could be effectively maintained when the AA concentration was 2%, soaking time was 15 minutes, US treatment time was 10 minutes, US frequency was 53 kHz, and US power was 400 W. The AS treatment effectively inhibited the increase in browning degree, maintained acidity stability, slowed down the decrease in hardness, preserved the integrity of cell membranes, and maintained a high sensory score. Therefore, these parameters were determined as the optimal conditions for AS treatment.【Conclusion】AA is selected as the best color-protecting solution from different soaking solutions, and the optimal conditions for the AS treatment of fresh-cut taro are determined. The AS treatment effectively improved the preservative effect of fresh-cut ‘June Red Taro’.

Key words: L-ascorbic acid, ultrasonic treatment, soaking treatment, fresh-cut taro, June Red Taro, browning, preservation effect

陈琳, 陈莉莉, 陈琳琳, 章敏, 陈炳智, 江玉姬. L-抗坏血酸联合超声处理鲜切芋艿的最佳条件[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(8): 232-243.

CHEN Lin, CHEN Li-li, CHEN Lin-lin, ZHANG Min, CHEN Bing-zhi, JIANG Yu-ji. Optimal Conditions for L-ascorbic Acid Combined with Ultrasonic Treatment of Fresh-cut Taro[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(8): 232-243.

图/表 10

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评价标准 Evaluation criterion	评分 Score
无褐变，有清香气味，无水汽，无胀袋No browning, having a fresh aroma, no water vapor, and no expansion bag	9
轻微（面积<5%），有清香气味，少量水汽，轻微胀袋 Light（area < 5%）, having a fresh aroma, little water vapor, and slight expansion bag	7-8
中度（面积5%-20%），气味较清香，较多水汽，中度胀袋 Moderate（area 5%-20%）, having moderately fresh aroma, more water vapor, and moderate expansion bag	5-6
较严重（面积20%-50%），稍有异味，有水珠，胀袋较严重More serious（area of 20%-50%）, having slight odor, water droplets, and serious bag expansion	3-4
极度严重（面积>50%），有严重异味，有积水，胀袋极度严重Extremely serious（area > 50%）, having a serious odor, accumulated water, and extremely serious expansion bag	1-2

评价标准 Evaluation criterion	评分 Score
无褐变，有清香气味，无水汽，无胀袋No browning, having a fresh aroma, no water vapor, and no expansion bag	9
轻微（面积<5%），有清香气味，少量水汽，轻微胀袋 Light（area < 5%）, having a fresh aroma, little water vapor, and slight expansion bag	7-8
中度（面积5%-20%），气味较清香，较多水汽，中度胀袋 Moderate（area 5%-20%）, having moderately fresh aroma, more water vapor, and moderate expansion bag	5-6
较严重（面积20%-50%），稍有异味，有水珠，胀袋较严重More serious（area of 20%-50%）, having slight odor, water droplets, and serious bag expansion	3-4
极度严重（面积>50%），有严重异味，有积水，胀袋极度严重Extremely serious（area > 50%）, having a serious odor, accumulated water, and extremely serious expansion bag	1-2

指标 Index	时间Time/d	不同浸泡液处理组Different soaking liquid treatment groups
指标 Index	时间Time/d	TW	PW	DW	SUC	NaCO₃	NaCl	AA	SAEW 20	SAEW 40	SAEW 60	SAEW 80
感官评价得分Sensory evaluation score	0	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a
	4	7.33±0.58d	7.67±0.58cd	8.33±0.58abc	8.67±0.58ab	8.00±0.00bcd	8.67±0.58ab	9.00±0.00a	8.67±0.58ab	8.33±0.58abc	8.33±0.58abc	8.00±0.00bcd
	8	7.30±0.26d	7.77±0.21cd	7.77±0.25cd	8.10±0.26abc	7.37±0.32d	8.33±0.29abc	8.67±0.58a	8.07±0.15bc	8.03±0.25bc	8.37±0.32abc	8.50±0.36ab
	12	7.00±0.10f	7.20±0.20ef	7.70±0.26de	7.80±0.62cd	6.67±0.31f	8.37±0.32abc	8.83±0.29a	8.10±0.30bcd	8.07±0.21bcd	7.83±0.45cd	8.53±0.35ab
	16	6.53±0.29d	6.73±0.38cd	6.50±0.46d	7.30±0.17bc	6.13±0.42d	7.70±0.36b	8.77±0.21a	7.53±0.50b	7.70±0.36b	7.57±0.46b	7.80±0.26b
	20	5.90±0.30e	6.10±0.56e	5.70±0.40e	6.40±0.40de	4.50±0.44f	6.83±0.29cd	8.43±0.35a	7.33±0.38bc	6.17±0.21de	7.60±0.30b	7.47±0.50bc
	24	4.93±0.40fg	5.40±0.40defg	5.27±0.31efg	5.63±0.21cdef	3.60±0.40h	5.93±0.50cde	7.93±0.40a	6.33±0.35bc	4.73±0.87g	6.13±0.25bcd	6.73±0.32b
	28	3.67±0.58c	3.83±0.76c	4.40±0.53bc	4.97±0.35b	2.50±0.50d	4.43±0.51bc	7.33±0.58a	5.13±0.15b	4.83±0.42b	5.20±0.20b	4.77±0.25b
褐变度 Browning	0	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93
	4	8.95±0.36cd	8.61±1.09bcd	6.93±0.31a	7.87±1.20abc	9.52±0.39d	7.72±0.15abc	7.05±0.43ab	7.98±1.31abcd	8.12±1.36abcd	9.28±0.89cd	9.54±0.75d
	8	10.36±0.62d	8.69±1.35abcd	7.44±1.46ab	9.06±0.14abcd	9.67±0.61cd	8.05±0.92abc	7.14±0.51a	8.10±0.23abc	9.23±1.99bcd	9.47±1.67bcd	9.95±0.65cd
	12	10.73±0.86c	8.83±0.64abc	7.97±0.43ab	9.41±0.65abc	10.25±1.52bc	8.67±1.60abc	7.18±0.59a	8.13±1.10ab	9.36±1.43abc	9.88±1.57bc	10.04±1.94bc
	16	12.44±0.16e	8.99±0.51bc	8.32±0.39b	10.01±0.81d	10.33±0.89d	8.82±0.40b	7.30±0.07a	8.21±0.45b	9.74±0.11cd	10.27±0.26d	10.29±0.19d
	20	13.04±0.15c	9.46±1.87ab	9.23±1.77ab	11.11±0.49bc	11.54±0.63bc	8.97±0.99ab	7.46±0.96a	8.94±0.59ab	13.55±0.88c	10.41±1.91abc	10.38±0.24abc
	24	13.53±0.11bc	14.39±0.89c	9.23±0.82ab	11.86±1.08abc	13.65±1.05bc	9.44±0.45ab	7.92±0.44a	12.02±2.31abc	14.32±3.32c	11.43±0.24abc	13.45±2.64bc
	28	18.84±0.49c	15.10±0.81abc	12.01±1.43abc	13.66±0.55abc	16.14±3.36bc	9.61±1.50ab	8.07±0.74a	12.18±2.26abc	15.54±0.42bc	13.61±0.41abc	13.67±2.42abc
pH值 pH value	0	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06
	4	4.46±0.02^a	4.50±0.01^c	4.48±0.01^b	4.59±0.01^d	5.44±0.01^e	5.96±0.01^g	5.72±0.01^f	6.03±0.01^h	6.02±0.01^h	6.05±0.01ⁱ	6.11±0.01^j
	8	5.20±0.05^b	5.03±0.02^a	5.21±0.02^b	5.01±0.01^a	7.21±0.02^g	5.97±0.02^e	5.73±0.02^c	5.96±0.01^e	5.97±0.01^e	5.89±0.02^d	6.02±0.02^f
	12	7.12±0.01^h	7.03±0.01^g	6.93±0.05^f	6.94±0.01^f	6.63±0.02^e	6.47±0.01^bc	6.31±0.01^a	6.51±0.02^d	6.51±0.02^d	6.45±0.02^b	6.49±0.02^cd
	16	6.65±0.02^h	6.60±0.01^g	6.52±0.02^e	6.34±0.02^b	6.11±0.02^a	6.60±0.04^g	6.38±0.02^c	6.60±0.01^g	6.57±0.03^fg	6.44±0.01^d	6.56±0.03^ef
	20	6.19±0.03^c	5.97±0.02^b	5.88±0.06^a	5.85±0.02^a	6.48±0.06^e	6.59±0.03^f	6.37±0.02^d	6.69±0.05^g	6.65±0.03^fg	6.51±0.02^e	6.51±0.02^e
	24	6.28±0.05^c	6.17±0.01^b	6.41±0.03^de	6.27±0.06^c	6.47±0.03^e	6.38±0.08^d	6.00±0.02^a	6.13±0.06^b	6.17±0.01^b	6.13±0.01^b	6.28±0.01^c
	28	6.50±0.03^e	6.52±0.01^e	6.60±0.05^f	6.42±0.05^d	6.40±0.07^cd	6.30±0.04^b	6.07±0.02^a	6.40±0.01^d	6.33±0.05^bc	6.32±0.03^b	6.33±0.05^bc
相对电导率 Relative conductivity/%	0	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53
	4	16.33±0.58^c	9.33±0.58^a	9.67±1.15^a	9.67±1.15^a	9.33±0.58^a	15.67±0.58^c	13.00±0.00^b	13.00±0.00^b	10.33±0.58^a	10.33±0.58^a	10.00±0.58^a
	8	18.33±0.58^f	15.33±0.58^d	13.33±0.58^c	13.33±0.58^c	15.33±0.58^d	17.33±0.58^e	10.67±0.58^a	10.67±0.58^a	14.33±0.58^cd	11.67±0.58^b	13.33±0.58^c
	12	20.67±0.58^f	16.67±0.58^cd	15.33±0.58^bc	18.33±0.58^e	22.00±1.00^g	17.67±0.58^de	13.33±1.15^a	13.33±1.15^a	14.67±1.15^ab	17.33±0.58^de	14.67±0.58^ab
	16	21.00±1.00^d	22.33±0.58^e	18.33±0.58^c	20.67±1.15^d	25.00±1.00^f	19.33±0.58^c	14.67±0.58^a	14.67±0.58^a	16.67±0.58^b	28.33±0.58^g	19.67±0.58^de
	20	25.67±1.15^d	22.00±1.73^bc	20.67±1.15^ab	23.67±1.53^c	30.00±1.00^f	21.33±0.58^ab	19.67±0.58^a	19.67±0.58^a	26.33±0.58^d	28.33±0.58^ef	23.33±0.58^bc
	24	32.67±0.58^e	24.67±0.58^b	22.67±0.58^a	28.33±0.58^cd	29.67±0.58^d	28.33±0.58^cd	24.00±1.00^ab	24.00±1.00^ab	31.33±2.08^e	29.67±0.58^d	24.33±0.58^a
	28	41.33±0.58ⁱ	27.00±1.00^bc	25.67±1.15^b	31.67±0.58^fg	35.33±2.31^h	28.67±0.58^cd	22.33±0.58^a	22.33±0.58^a	30.33±0.58^def	31.00±1.73^ef	30.33±0.58^de

指标 Index	时间Time/d	不同浸泡液处理组Different soaking liquid treatment groups
指标 Index	时间Time/d	TW	PW	DW	SUC	NaCO₃	NaCl	AA	SAEW 20	SAEW 40	SAEW 60	SAEW 80
感官评价得分Sensory evaluation score	0	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a	9.00±0.00a
	4	7.33±0.58d	7.67±0.58cd	8.33±0.58abc	8.67±0.58ab	8.00±0.00bcd	8.67±0.58ab	9.00±0.00a	8.67±0.58ab	8.33±0.58abc	8.33±0.58abc	8.00±0.00bcd
	8	7.30±0.26d	7.77±0.21cd	7.77±0.25cd	8.10±0.26abc	7.37±0.32d	8.33±0.29abc	8.67±0.58a	8.07±0.15bc	8.03±0.25bc	8.37±0.32abc	8.50±0.36ab
	12	7.00±0.10f	7.20±0.20ef	7.70±0.26de	7.80±0.62cd	6.67±0.31f	8.37±0.32abc	8.83±0.29a	8.10±0.30bcd	8.07±0.21bcd	7.83±0.45cd	8.53±0.35ab
	16	6.53±0.29d	6.73±0.38cd	6.50±0.46d	7.30±0.17bc	6.13±0.42d	7.70±0.36b	8.77±0.21a	7.53±0.50b	7.70±0.36b	7.57±0.46b	7.80±0.26b
	20	5.90±0.30e	6.10±0.56e	5.70±0.40e	6.40±0.40de	4.50±0.44f	6.83±0.29cd	8.43±0.35a	7.33±0.38bc	6.17±0.21de	7.60±0.30b	7.47±0.50bc
	24	4.93±0.40fg	5.40±0.40defg	5.27±0.31efg	5.63±0.21cdef	3.60±0.40h	5.93±0.50cde	7.93±0.40a	6.33±0.35bc	4.73±0.87g	6.13±0.25bcd	6.73±0.32b
	28	3.67±0.58c	3.83±0.76c	4.40±0.53bc	4.97±0.35b	2.50±0.50d	4.43±0.51bc	7.33±0.58a	5.13±0.15b	4.83±0.42b	5.20±0.20b	4.77±0.25b
褐变度 Browning	0	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93	7.93±0.93
	4	8.95±0.36cd	8.61±1.09bcd	6.93±0.31a	7.87±1.20abc	9.52±0.39d	7.72±0.15abc	7.05±0.43ab	7.98±1.31abcd	8.12±1.36abcd	9.28±0.89cd	9.54±0.75d
	8	10.36±0.62d	8.69±1.35abcd	7.44±1.46ab	9.06±0.14abcd	9.67±0.61cd	8.05±0.92abc	7.14±0.51a	8.10±0.23abc	9.23±1.99bcd	9.47±1.67bcd	9.95±0.65cd
	12	10.73±0.86c	8.83±0.64abc	7.97±0.43ab	9.41±0.65abc	10.25±1.52bc	8.67±1.60abc	7.18±0.59a	8.13±1.10ab	9.36±1.43abc	9.88±1.57bc	10.04±1.94bc
	16	12.44±0.16e	8.99±0.51bc	8.32±0.39b	10.01±0.81d	10.33±0.89d	8.82±0.40b	7.30±0.07a	8.21±0.45b	9.74±0.11cd	10.27±0.26d	10.29±0.19d
	20	13.04±0.15c	9.46±1.87ab	9.23±1.77ab	11.11±0.49bc	11.54±0.63bc	8.97±0.99ab	7.46±0.96a	8.94±0.59ab	13.55±0.88c	10.41±1.91abc	10.38±0.24abc
	24	13.53±0.11bc	14.39±0.89c	9.23±0.82ab	11.86±1.08abc	13.65±1.05bc	9.44±0.45ab	7.92±0.44a	12.02±2.31abc	14.32±3.32c	11.43±0.24abc	13.45±2.64bc
	28	18.84±0.49c	15.10±0.81abc	12.01±1.43abc	13.66±0.55abc	16.14±3.36bc	9.61±1.50ab	8.07±0.74a	12.18±2.26abc	15.54±0.42bc	13.61±0.41abc	13.67±2.42abc
pH值 pH value	0	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06	5.29±0.06
	4	4.46±0.02^a	4.50±0.01^c	4.48±0.01^b	4.59±0.01^d	5.44±0.01^e	5.96±0.01^g	5.72±0.01^f	6.03±0.01^h	6.02±0.01^h	6.05±0.01ⁱ	6.11±0.01^j
	8	5.20±0.05^b	5.03±0.02^a	5.21±0.02^b	5.01±0.01^a	7.21±0.02^g	5.97±0.02^e	5.73±0.02^c	5.96±0.01^e	5.97±0.01^e	5.89±0.02^d	6.02±0.02^f
	12	7.12±0.01^h	7.03±0.01^g	6.93±0.05^f	6.94±0.01^f	6.63±0.02^e	6.47±0.01^bc	6.31±0.01^a	6.51±0.02^d	6.51±0.02^d	6.45±0.02^b	6.49±0.02^cd
	16	6.65±0.02^h	6.60±0.01^g	6.52±0.02^e	6.34±0.02^b	6.11±0.02^a	6.60±0.04^g	6.38±0.02^c	6.60±0.01^g	6.57±0.03^fg	6.44±0.01^d	6.56±0.03^ef
	20	6.19±0.03^c	5.97±0.02^b	5.88±0.06^a	5.85±0.02^a	6.48±0.06^e	6.59±0.03^f	6.37±0.02^d	6.69±0.05^g	6.65±0.03^fg	6.51±0.02^e	6.51±0.02^e
	24	6.28±0.05^c	6.17±0.01^b	6.41±0.03^de	6.27±0.06^c	6.47±0.03^e	6.38±0.08^d	6.00±0.02^a	6.13±0.06^b	6.17±0.01^b	6.13±0.01^b	6.28±0.01^c
	28	6.50±0.03^e	6.52±0.01^e	6.60±0.05^f	6.42±0.05^d	6.40±0.07^cd	6.30±0.04^b	6.07±0.02^a	6.40±0.01^d	6.33±0.05^bc	6.32±0.03^b	6.33±0.05^bc
相对电导率 Relative conductivity/%	0	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53	10.33±1.53
	4	16.33±0.58^c	9.33±0.58^a	9.67±1.15^a	9.67±1.15^a	9.33±0.58^a	15.67±0.58^c	13.00±0.00^b	13.00±0.00^b	10.33±0.58^a	10.33±0.58^a	10.00±0.58^a
	8	18.33±0.58^f	15.33±0.58^d	13.33±0.58^c	13.33±0.58^c	15.33±0.58^d	17.33±0.58^e	10.67±0.58^a	10.67±0.58^a	14.33±0.58^cd	11.67±0.58^b	13.33±0.58^c
	12	20.67±0.58^f	16.67±0.58^cd	15.33±0.58^bc	18.33±0.58^e	22.00±1.00^g	17.67±0.58^de	13.33±1.15^a	13.33±1.15^a	14.67±1.15^ab	17.33±0.58^de	14.67±0.58^ab
	16	21.00±1.00^d	22.33±0.58^e	18.33±0.58^c	20.67±1.15^d	25.00±1.00^f	19.33±0.58^c	14.67±0.58^a	14.67±0.58^a	16.67±0.58^b	28.33±0.58^g	19.67±0.58^de
	20	25.67±1.15^d	22.00±1.73^bc	20.67±1.15^ab	23.67±1.53^c	30.00±1.00^f	21.33±0.58^ab	19.67±0.58^a	19.67±0.58^a	26.33±0.58^d	28.33±0.58^ef	23.33±0.58^bc
	24	32.67±0.58^e	24.67±0.58^b	22.67±0.58^a	28.33±0.58^cd	29.67±0.58^d	28.33±0.58^cd	24.00±1.00^ab	24.00±1.00^ab	31.33±2.08^e	29.67±0.58^d	24.33±0.58^a
	28	41.33±0.58ⁱ	27.00±1.00^bc	25.67±1.15^b	31.67±0.58^fg	35.33±2.31^h	28.67±0.58^cd	22.33±0.58^a	22.33±0.58^a	30.33±0.58^def	31.00±1.73^ef	30.33±0.58^de