Research Progress in the Regulation of Protein Post-translational Modification in Plant Vesicle Transport

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0484

Abstract

Abstract:

Post-translational modifications（PTMs）of proteins refer to a series of chemical modifications that occur after protein synthesis, significantly affecting the structure, localization, stability, and function of proteins. In cell biology, PTMs play a crucial role in nearly all cellular signaling pathways and regulatory networks, particularly in vesicle trafficking, a critical process for intracellular material transport. Vesicle trafficking involves multiple steps, including vesicle formation, transport, and fusion. In this process, the correct modification and localization of proteins are essential for vesicle formation and transport direction. We first introduce the roles and classifications of several important protein PTMs. Subsequently, we systematically summarize the research progress of protein PTMs in vesicle trafficking, providing important references for revealing the molecular mechanisms of intracellular vesicle trafficking and deepening the study of membrane protein biological functions. In the future, we should further explore the specific mechanisms of protein PTMs in plant vesicle trafficking, and how these mechanisms affect plant growth, development, and environmental adaptability. This study will provide new strategies and methods for plant genetic improvement and stress-resistant breeding, is conducive to increasing crop yield and quality, and enhancing plants’ adaptability to environmental changes. In summary, through in-depth study in this field, it not only helps us reveal the basic principles of specific protein modifications in plant cells but also may provide new strategies for improving crop traits and enhancing plant stress resistance.

Key words: protein post-translational modification, vesicle transport, cell growth and development, plant adaptability, plant growth performance

GENG Ruo-han, WANG Bing-he, XU Chang-wen, QIAN Hong-ping, LIN Jin-xing, CUI Ya-ning. Research Progress in the Regulation of Protein Post-translational Modification in Plant Vesicle Transport[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(10): 139-148.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig. 1 Impact of phosphorylation modification on EXO70C2 endocytic function Phosphorylation modification induces the migration of EXO70C2 between the cell membrane and specific intracellular regions and triggers its interaction with ROH1. This interaction significantly impacts the activity of ROH1, subsequently promoting the formation of transport vesicles and material transport

Fig. 2 Ubiquitination modification mediated by VPS23A promotes the vacuolar degradation mechanism of ABA receptors The key protein VPS23A in the ESCRT complex specifically recognizes non-ubiquitinated ABA receptors and their K63-linked ubiquitin chains, facilitating the entry of ABA receptors into the membrane trafficking pathway. This ubiquitination process guides ABA receptors into the cell, forming vesicles that are subsequently transported to the endoplasmic reticulum and ultimately degraded in the vacuole

Fig. 3 Mechanism of membrane protein palmitoylation and depalmitoylation The palmitoylation modification of intracellular endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins is catalyzed by ZDHHC enzymes, achieved through the reaction of the palmitoyl group in palmitoyl-coenzyme A（S-CoA）with the sulfhydryl（SH）group on the protein molecule. The depalmitoylation process, on the other hand, is mediated by ABHDS enzymes, which dissociate the palmitate chain from the protein, restoring it to its initial state

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