Biotechnology Bulletin ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (9): 4-16.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0759

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Antimicrobial Resistance:Biochemical Mechanisms and Countermeasures

LIU Cheng-cheng1(), HU Xiao-fang2, FENG You-jun3()   

  1. 1. School of Basic Medical Sciences,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061
    2. Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University,Fuzhou 344000
    3. Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310058
  • Received:2022-06-22 Online:2022-09-26 Published:2022-10-11
  • Contact: FENG You-jun E-mail:liuchengcheng@xjtu.edu.cn;fengyj@zju.edu.cn

Abstract:

The improper use of antibiotics promotes the emergence and global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance(AMR). AMR is listed as the 3rd cause leading to human death,seriously threatening public health and food security. Therefore,it is urgently demanded to enhance the studies on AMR mechanisms,and pursue novel prevention and control strategies against AMR. This review summaries major AMR biochemical mechanisms,including drug uptake limitation,drug target modification,drug inactivation,and active drug efflux. Then the review outlines its prevention and control approaches such as antimicrobial peptide therapy,immunotherapy,phage therapy,antimicrobial photodynamic therapy,probiotic therapy,antimicrobial nanoparticle technology,antisense oligonucleotide and gene editing technology,host-directed therapy,etc. This review aims to popularize the science of bacterial drug resistance and provide a reference for relevant studies on drug resistance.

Key words: antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance(AMR), biochemical mechanisms, approaches against AMR