Advances in the Biosynthetic Pathways and Related Genes of Lotus Alkaloids

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1343

Abstract

Abstract:

Many parts of lotus（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.）can be used as medicine, among which benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids are the main active components in lotus leaf and lotus plumule. The study found that lotus leaf contains nuciferine, roemerine and other aporphine alkaloids, with good lipid-lowering weight-reducing effect. Lotus plumule mainly contains bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids such as neferine and liensinine, which can resist arrhythmia. In recent years, the significant pharmacological activity of lotus alkaloids and the phenomenon of ‘homologous and different effects’between lotus leaf and lotus plumule have inspired more and more researchers to study the biosynthetic pathways and key enzymes of lotus alkaloids. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of alkaloid composition types, alkaloid synthesis pathways and key enzyme genes of lotus leaves and lotus plumule, aiming to provide reference for analyzing the alkaloid synthesis pathways of lotus and the molecular mechanisms of pharmacodynamic differentiation of lotus leaves and lotus plumule.

Key words: lotus leaf, lotus plumule, alkaloid, biosynthesis pathway

WANG Ling, ZHUO Shen, FU Xue-sen, LIU Zi-xuan, LIU Xiao-rong, WANG Zhi-hui, ZHOU Ri-bao, LIU Xiang-dan. Advances in the Biosynthetic Pathways and Related Genes of Lotus Alkaloids[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 56-66.

Figures/Tables 5

References 56

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编号No.	类型Type	化学成分Chemical composition	部位Organ	文献References
1	双苄基异喹啉类 Bisbenzylisoquinolines	莲心碱Liensinine	莲子心、荷叶	[13-14]
2		异莲心碱Isoliensinine	莲子心、荷叶	[13-14]
3		甲基莲心碱Neferine	莲子心、荷叶	[13,15]
4	阿朴啡类 Aporphines	荷叶碱Nuciferine	荷叶、莲子心	[16-17]
5		莲碱Roemerine	荷叶	[17]
6		O-去甲基荷叶碱O-Nornuciferine	荷叶	[18]
7		N-去甲基荷叶碱N-Nornuciferine	荷叶	[18]
8		番荔枝碱Anonaine	荷叶	[18]
9		山矾碱Caaverine	荷叶	[19]
10		巴婆碱Asimilobine	荷叶、莲子心	[20-21]
11		北美鹅掌楸尼定碱Lirinidine	荷叶	[22]
12	单苄基异喹啉 Monobenzylisoquinoline	衡州乌药碱Coclaurine	荷叶	[15]
13		O-去甲基衡州乌药碱O-Norcoclaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,23]
14		N-甲基衡州乌药碱N-Methylcoclaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[23-24]
15		N-甲基异衡州乌药碱N-Methylisococlaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[18,25]
16		亚美（杏黄）罂粟碱Armepavine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,18]
17		N-去甲基亚美罂粟碱N-Norarmepavine	荷叶	[15]
18	去氢阿朴啡类 Dehydroaporphine alkaloids	去氢荷叶碱Dethydronuciferine	荷叶	[17,26]
19		去氢莲碱Dehydroroemerine	荷叶	[17,26]
20		睡莲碱Nelumnucine	荷叶	[27]
21		去氢番荔枝碱Dethydroanonaine	荷叶	[26]
22	氧化阿朴啡类Oxoapor phinoid	鹅掌楸碱Liriodenine	荷叶	[17]
23	氧化阿朴啡类Oxoapor phinoid	观音莲明碱Lysicamine	荷叶、莲子心	[28-29]
24	原阿朴啡类Proaporphine alkaloids	原荷叶碱Pronuciferine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,17]

编号No.	类型Type	化学成分Chemical composition	部位Organ	文献References
1	双苄基异喹啉类 Bisbenzylisoquinolines	莲心碱Liensinine	莲子心、荷叶	[13-14]
2		异莲心碱Isoliensinine	莲子心、荷叶	[13-14]
3		甲基莲心碱Neferine	莲子心、荷叶	[13,15]
4	阿朴啡类 Aporphines	荷叶碱Nuciferine	荷叶、莲子心	[16-17]
5		莲碱Roemerine	荷叶	[17]
6		O-去甲基荷叶碱O-Nornuciferine	荷叶	[18]
7		N-去甲基荷叶碱N-Nornuciferine	荷叶	[18]
8		番荔枝碱Anonaine	荷叶	[18]
9		山矾碱Caaverine	荷叶	[19]
10		巴婆碱Asimilobine	荷叶、莲子心	[20-21]
11		北美鹅掌楸尼定碱Lirinidine	荷叶	[22]
12	单苄基异喹啉 Monobenzylisoquinoline	衡州乌药碱Coclaurine	荷叶	[15]
13		O-去甲基衡州乌药碱O-Norcoclaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,23]
14		N-甲基衡州乌药碱N-Methylcoclaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[23-24]
15		N-甲基异衡州乌药碱N-Methylisococlaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[18,25]
16		亚美（杏黄）罂粟碱Armepavine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,18]
17		N-去甲基亚美罂粟碱N-Norarmepavine	荷叶	[15]
18	去氢阿朴啡类 Dehydroaporphine alkaloids	去氢荷叶碱Dethydronuciferine	荷叶	[17,26]
19		去氢莲碱Dehydroroemerine	荷叶	[17,26]
20		睡莲碱Nelumnucine	荷叶	[27]
21		去氢番荔枝碱Dethydroanonaine	荷叶	[26]
22	氧化阿朴啡类Oxoapor phinoid	鹅掌楸碱Liriodenine	荷叶	[17]
23	氧化阿朴啡类Oxoapor phinoid	观音莲明碱Lysicamine	荷叶、莲子心	[28-29]
24	原阿朴啡类Proaporphine alkaloids	原荷叶碱Pronuciferine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,17]