Biotechnology Bulletin ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1-12.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0311

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Recent Advances in CRISPR/Cas-based DNA Base Editing

LAI Xin-tong(), WANG Ke-lan, YOU Yu-xin, TAN Jun-jie()   

  1. Department of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Jiangsu Plant Gene Editing Engineering Research Center,Nanjing 210095
  • Received:2022-03-14 Online:2022-06-26 Published:2022-07-11
  • Contact: TAN Jun-jie E-mail:11218229@njau.edu.cn;tanjunjie@njau.edu.cn

Abstract:

CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing has revolutionized biological technology,which is achieved by introducing DSB(double strand break)in target DNA sites followed by cellular DNA repair via non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)or homology-directed repair(HDR). NHEJ is the main repair pathway in most of cells,it characterized as repair is simple,efficiency is high and it is extremely easy to have errors,and thus presents randomly and unpredictable insertions and deletions(indels). Point mutations represent the most prevalent form of genetic mutations,which determine the many important agronomic traits in crop plants and cause most of known human genetic diseases. Base editing enables targeted single base substitutions of high efficiency and predicted editing outcomes with neither inducing DSBs in the genomes nor requiring donor templates. Based on its great applicable potentials in the gene therapy,crop breeding as well as basic research,base editing rapidly gains much attentions with numerous applications in agricultural as well as biological fields and considerable progresses having been made to broaden its capabilities. In this review,we summarize the current advances in DNA base editing,focus on improvements in editing efficiency,precision,specificity as well as editing scope,and discuss current limitations and future directions.

Key words: base editing, deaminase, gene editing, CRISPR, CRISPR/Cas