Research Progress in Melatonin in Plant Low-temperature Stress

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1061

Abstract

Abstract:

Melatonin (MT), an indoleamine bioactive molecule prevalent in plants, has recently emerged as a focal point of research concerning its molecular mechanisms in plant responses to abiotic stress. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in understanding melatonin’s role in plant responses to low-temperature stress, with a particular emphasis on its molecular mechanisms for enhancing cold tolerance through multidimensional regulation. Physiologically, melatonin mitigates low-temperature-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and photoinhibition by stabilizing cell membrane lipid bilayers, safeguarding photosystem Ⅱ reaction centers, and scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). At the molecular level, melatonin enhances plant low-temperature tolerance through a complex signaling network: it activates the ICE1-CBF-COR transcriptional cascade to upregulate cold-responsive genes; transmits stress signals via receptor-mediated pathways; regulates the dynamics of secondary messengers such as Ca²⁺, NO, and H₂O₂; interacts with plant hormones (e.g., abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) to form signaling networks; and triggers mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) cascades to amplify low-temperature stress signals. Melatonin holds significant potential for application in enhancing plant tolerance to low temperatures. The exogenous application of melatonin has been shown to enhance crop tolerance to low temperatures, while augmenting endogenous melatonin synthesis through gene editing represents a crucial strategy for improving crop resistance to low-temperature stress. Future research should adopt multidisciplinary approaches to investigate the role and potential applications of melatonin in plant responses to low-temperature stress, thereby facilitating the development of crop varieties with enhanced low-temperature tolerance.

Key words: melatonin, low-temperature stress, plant, molecular mechanism, resistance to stress

LIN Jia-yi, CHEN Qiang, ZHANG Lei, LIU Hong-xin, ZHENG Xiao-ming, PANG Hong-bo. Research Progress in Melatonin in Plant Low-temperature Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(7): 37-48.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig. 1 Role of melatonin in plant growth and development

Fig. 2 Pathway of melatonin synthesis in plants①: Tryptophan is converted to tryptamine through the catalytic action of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC). ②: Tryptamine undergoes hydroxylation at the C-5 position by tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), resulting in the formation of serotonin. ③: Serotonin is catalyzed by serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) to form N-acetylserotonin. ④: N-acetylserotonin is converted to melatonin by acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT). ⑤: Serotonin, after hydroxylation, can also be converted into 5-methoxytryptamine via acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) or caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) under stress conditions. ⑥: 5-methoxytryptamine is further catalyzed by serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) to produce melatonin. ⑦: N-acetylserotonin can be deacetylated back into serotonin by N-acetylserotonin deacetylase (ASDAC)

Fig. 3 Regulatory network of melatonin-mediated plant resistance to low-temperature stress

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