Research Progress of Plant Phosphate Transporters in the Response to Stress

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1153

Abstract

Abstract:

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth, development and many physiological functions. Phosphate transporters are responsible for the uptake and transport of phosphorus from the soil to plant organelles and play a significant role in plant growth and development as well as in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. This article reviews the classification, structural characteristics, subcellular localization of plant phosphate transporters and their important roles in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Plant phosphate transporters can be divided into three major classes, with the first class further divided into five subfamilies. These proteins perform functions in different parts of the plant. Plant phosphate transporters not only participate in the absorption and transport of phosphate but also play a crucial role in stress responses. Under abiotic stress, plant phosphate transporters are induced to express, which can enhance the plant's tolerance to abiotic stress by increasing its antioxidant capacity. In addition, plant phosphate transporters interact with other proteins to regulate plant responses to abiotic stress. Under biotic stress, plant phosphate transporters regulate the transcriptional levels of defense-related genes in plants, thereby positively or negatively regulating plant resistance to pathogens. Existing studies have demonstrated the important role of plant phosphate transporters in stress responses, but their specific molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks still need further exploration. Future research directions will focus on screening and identifying upstream regulatory factors and downstream interacting target genes of plant phosphate transporters, and deeply elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which plant phosphate transporters regulate biotic and abiotic stress responses, with the aim of providing references for the efficient utilization of phosphorus in crops and high-yield and high-resistance molecular breeding.

Key words: phosphorus, plants, phosphate transporters, biotic stress, abiotic stress, response to stress, regulatory mechanism

ZHANG Xue-qiong, PAN Su-jun, LI Wei, DAI Liang-ying. Research Progress of Plant Phosphate Transporters in the Response to Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(7): 28-36.

Figures/Tables 2

References 55

[1]	Wang F, Deng MJ, Xu JM, et al. Molecular mechanisms of phosphate transport and signaling in higher plants [J]. Semin Cell Dev Biol, 2018, 74: 114-122.
[2]	Smith FW, Mudge SR, Rae AL, et al. Phosphate transport in plants [J]. Plant Soil, 2003, 248(1): 71-83.
[3]	冶赓康, 俄胜哲, 陈政宇, 等. 土壤中磷的存在形态及分级方法研究进展 [J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(1): 96-102.
	Ye GK, E SZ, Chen ZY, et al. The forms and classification methods of phosphorus in soil: research progress [J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2023, 39(1): 96-102.
[4]	Nussaume L, Kanno S. Reviewing impacts of biotic and abiotic stresses on the regulation of phosphate homeostasis in plants [J]. J Plant Res, 2024, 137(3): 297-306.
[5]	Wang Y, Wang F, Lu H, et al. Phosphate uptake and transport in plants: an elaborate regulatory system [J]. Plant Cell Physiol, 2021, 62(4): 564-572.
[6]	Prathap V, Kumar A, Maheshwari C, et al. Phosphorus homeostasis: acquisition, sensing, and long-distance signaling in plants [J]. Mol Biol Rep, 2022, 49(8): 8071-8086.
[7]	Raghothama KG. Phosphate acquisition [J]. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 1999, 50: 665-693.
[8]	Młodzińska E, Zboińska M. Phosphate uptake and allocation-A closer look at Arabidopsis thaliana L. and Oryza sativa L [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2016, 7: 1198.
[9]	Zhang Y, Hu LZ, Yu DS, et al. Integrative analysis of the wheat PHT1 gene family reveals A novel member involved in arbuscular mycorrhizal phosphate transport and immunity [J]. Cells, 2019, 8(5): 490.
[10]	Wang D, Lv SL, Jiang P, et al. Roles, regulation, and agricultural application of plant phosphate transporters [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2017, 8: 817.
[11]	Wang ZR, Kuo HF, Chiou TJ. Intracellular phosphate sensing and regulation of phosphate transport systems in plants [J]. Plant Physiol, 2021, 187(4): 2043-2055.
[12]	Daram P, Brunner S, Rausch C, et al. Pht2;1 encodes a low-affinity phosphate transporter from Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Cell, 1999, 11(11): 2153-2166.
[13]	Takabatake R, Hata S, Taniguchi M, et al. Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding mitochondrial phosphate transporters in soybean, maize, rice, and Arabidopis [J]. Plant Mol Biol, 1999, 40(3): 479-486.
[14]	Wang GY, Shi JL, Ng G, et al. Circadian clock-regulated phosphate transporter PHT4;1 plays an important role in Arabidopsis defense [J]. Mol Plant, 2011, 4(3): 516-526.
[15]	Liu JL, Fu SM, Yang L, et al. Vacuolar SPX-MFS transporters are essential for phosphate adaptation in plants [J]. Plant Signal Behav, 2016, 11(8): e1213474.
[16]	Wege S, Khan GA, Jung JY, et al. The EXS domain of PHO1 participates in the response of shoots to phosphate deficiency via a root-to-shoot signal [J]. Plant Physiol, 2016, 170(1): 385-400.
[17]	Yamaji N, Takemoto Y, Miyaji T, et al. Reducing phosphorus accumulation in rice grains with an impaired transporter in the node [J]. Nature, 2017, 541(7635): 92-95.
[18]	Ding GD, Lei GJ, Yamaji N, et al. Vascular cambium-localized AtSPDT mediates xylem-to-phloem transfer of phosphorus for its preferential distribution in Arabidopsis [J]. Mol Plant, 2020, 13(1): 99-111.
[19]	Yang XY, Lu MQ, Wang YF, et al. Response mechanism of plants to drought stress [J]. Horticulturae, 2021, 7(3): 50.
[20]	Wei XS, Fu Y, Yu RJ, et al. Comprehensive sequence and expression profile analysis of the phosphate transporter gene family in soybean [J]. Sci Rep, 2022, 12(1): 20883.
[21]	Sun TT, Li MJ, Shao Y, et al. Comprehensive genomic identification and expression analysis of the phosphate transporter (PHT) gene family in apple [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2017, 8: 426.
[22]	Sun TT, Zhou BB, Pei TT, et al. Phosphate transporter MdPHT1;7 enhances phosphorus accumulation and improves low phosphorus and drought tolerance [J]. J Plant Biol, 2021, 64(5): 403-416.
[23]	Zhang CX, Meng S, Li MJ, et al. Genomic identification and expression analysis of the phosphate transporter gene family in poplar [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2016, 7: 1398.
[24]	Cao MX, Liu HZ, Zhang C, et al. Functional analysis of StPHT1;7, a Solanum tuberosum L. phosphate transporter gene, in growth and drought tolerance [J]. Plants, 2020, 9(10): 1384.
[25]	Li Y, Wang X, Zhang H, et al. Molecular identification of the phosphate transporter family 1 (PHT1) genes and their expression profiles in response to phosphorus deprivation and other abiotic stresses in Brassica napus [J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(7): e0220374.
[26]	Yang XL, Hu Q, Zhao YF, et al. Identification of GmPT proteins and investigation of their expressions in response to abiotic stress in soybean [J]. Planta, 2024, 259(4): 76.
[27]	Faraji S, Hasanzadeh S, Heidari P. Comparative in silico analysis of phosphate transporter gene family, PHT in Camelina sativa gemome [J]. Gene Rep, 2021, 25: 101351.
[28]	Lv SL, Wang D, Jiang P, et al. Variation of PHT families adapts salt cress to phosphate limitation under salinity [J]. Plant Cell Environ, 2021, 44(5): 1549-1564.
[29]	Murugan N, Palanisamy V, Channappa M, et al. Genome-wide in silico identification, structural analysis, promoter analysis, and expression profiling of PHT gene family in sugarcane root under salinity stress [J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(23): 15893.
[30]	Zhu W, Miao Q, Sun D, et al. The mitochondrial phosphate transporters modulate plant responses to salt stress via affecting ATP and gibberellin metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(8): e43530.
[31]	Cubero B, Nakagawa Y, Jiang XY, et al. The phosphate transporter PHT4;6 is a determinant of salt tolerance that is localized to the Golgi apparatus of Arabidopsis [J]. Mol Plant, 2009, 2(3): 535-552.
[32]	李万, 李成, 程敏, 等. 磷转运蛋白StPHO1.2提高马铃薯耐热性 [J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(2): 394-402.
	Li W, Li C, Cheng M, et al. Phosphorus transporter StPHO1.2 improving heat tolerance in potato [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2024, 50(2): 394-402.
[33]	李万, 李成, 程敏, 等. 磷转运蛋白StPHO1.3对马铃薯耐热性的影响及其互作蛋白的筛选 [J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2024, 32(2): 273-282.
	Li W, Li C, Cheng M, et al. Effects of phosphorus transporter StPHO1.3 on heat resistance of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and screening of its interacting proteins [J]. J Agric Biotechnol, 2024, 32(2): 273-282.
[34]	Pacak A, Barciszewska-Pacak M, Swida-Barteczka A, et al. Heat stress affects pi-related genes expression and inorganic phosphate deposition/accumulation in barley [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2016, 7: 926.
[35]	Song ZP, Fan NB, Jiao GZ, et al. Overexpression of OsPT8 increases auxin content and enhances tolerance to high-temperature stress in Nicotiana tabacum [J]. Genes, 2019, 10(10): 809.
[36]	Wei XS, Xu XT, Fu Y, et al. Effects of soybean phosphate transporter gene GmPHT2 on pi transport and plant growth under limited pi supply condition [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(13): 11115.
[37]	Zhao LN, Liu FX, Xu WY, et al. Increased expression of OsSPX1 enhances cold/subfreezing tolerance in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Plant Biotechnol J, 2009, 7(6): 550-561.
[38]	Wang CC, Wei Q, Zhang K, et al. Down-regulation of OsSPX1 causes high sensitivity to cold and oxidative stresses in rice seedlings [J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): e81849.
[39]	Castrillo G, Sánchez-Bermejo E, de Lorenzo L, et al. WRKY6 transcription factor restricts arsenate uptake and transposon activation in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Cell, 2013, 25(8): 2944-2957.
[40]	Wang H, Xu Q, Kong YH, et al. Arabidopsis WRKY45 transcription factor activates PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1;1 expression in response to phosphate starvation [J]. Plant Physiol, 2014, 164(4): 2020-2029.
[41]	Luan MD, Liu JL, Liu YW, et al. Vacuolar phosphate transporter 1 (VPT1) affects arsenate tolerance by regulating phosphate homeostasis in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Cell Physiol, 2018, 59(7): 1345-1352.
[42]	Cao Y, Sun D, Ai H, et al. Knocking out OsPT4 gene decreases arsenate uptake by rice plants and inorganic arsenic accumulation in rice grains [J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2017, 51(21): 12131-12138.
[43]	Wang PT, Zhang WW, Mao CZ, et al. The role of OsPT8 in arsenate uptake and varietal difference in arsenate tolerance in rice [J]. J Exp Bot, 2016, 67(21): 6051-6059.
[44]	Souri Z, Karimi N, de Oliveira LM. Antioxidant enzymes responses in shoots of arsenic hyperaccumulator, Isatis cappadocica Desv., under interaction of arsenate and phosphate [J]. Environ Technol, 2018, 39(10): 1316-1327.
[45]	王云, 赵鹏, 李广鑫, 等. P对小麦Cd和As吸收与转运的影响 [J]. 环境科学, 2023, 44(5): 2889-2898.
	Wang Y, Zhao P, Li GX, et al. Effects of P on the uptake and transport of Cd and As in wheat seedlings [J]. Environ Sci, 2023, 44(5): 2889-2898.
[46]	Wang PF, Chen ZD, Meng YJ, et al. Wheat PHT1;9 acts as one candidate arsenate absorption transporter for phytoremediation [J]. J Hazard Mater, 2023, 452: 131219.
[47]	Tao LY, Wang L, Liu LH, et al. Phosphorous accumulation associated with mitochondrial PHT3-mediated enhanced arsenate tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [J]. J Hazard Mater, 2024, 478: 135460.
[48]	Wan YY, Wang Z, Xia JC, et al. Genome-wide analysis of phosphorus transporter genes in Brassica and their roles in heavy metal stress tolerance [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(6): 2209.
[49]	戴闽玥. 外源磷对红树植物抗镉胁迫的调控机制 [D]. 厦门: 厦门大学, 2018.
	Dai MY. Regulation mechanism of exogenous phosphorus on cadmium stress resistance of mangrove plants [D]. Xiamen: Xiamen University, 2018.
[50]	姜南, 石杨, 赵志慧, 等. 镉胁迫下水稻OsPT1的表达及功能分析 [J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(1): 166-174.
	Jiang N, Shi Y, Zhao ZH, et al. Expression and functional analysis of OsPT1 gene in rice under cadmium stress [J]. Biotechnol Bull, 2023, 39(1): 166-174.
[51]	Bechtaoui N, Rabiu MK, Raklami A, et al. Phosphate-dependent regulation of growth and stresses management in plants [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2021, 12: 679916.
[52]	Dong Z, Li W, Liu J, et al. The rice phosphate transporter protein OsPT8 regulates disease resistance and plant growth [J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 5408.
[53]	Hassler S, Lemke L, Jung B, et al. Lack of the Golgi phosphate transporter PHT4;‍6 causes strong developmental defects, constitutively activated disease resistance mechanisms and altered intracellular phosphate compartmentation in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant J, 2012, 72(5): 732-744.
[54]	Chan C, Liao YY, Chiou TJ. The impact of phosphorus on plant immunity [J]. Plant Cell Physiol, 2021, 62(4): 582-589.
[55]	Malla KB, Thapa G, Doohan FM. Mitochondrial phosphate transporter and methyltransferase genes contribute to Fusarium head blight Type II disease resistance and grain development in wheat [J]. PLoS One, 2021, 16(10): e0258726.