Research Progress in Adaptor Protein Complex TPC in Plants

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0947

Abstract

Abstract:

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a predominant endocytic pathway for plasma membrane (PM) protein internalization in eukaryotic cells. In plants, CME is essential for growth and developmental processes, nutrient uptake, transduction between extra- and intra-cellular signals, polar auxin transport, and stress responses. Although clathrin is the core protein of the CME process, it lacks a transmembrane domain and relies on adaptor proteins to be recruited to the PM. It is known that the PM recruitment of clathrin mainly depends on the adaptor protein complex AP-2 in animal and plant cells. However, an increasing number of evidences on plant adaptor protein complexes show that there is also an evolutionary ancient adaptor protein complex TPC (TPLATE complex) in plants, which plays a critical role in plant growth and development as well as CME processes. In this review, we briefly introduce the composition, structure, and evolutionary history of TPC in plants. Then we analyze the domains of TPC subunits. Furthermore, we summarize the biological functions of TPC. Finally, we prospect the research on TPC in plant endocytosis and growth and development, aiming to provide new ideas and insights for understanding and clarifying the molecular mechanism of plant TPC in endocytic transport.

Key words: adaptor protein complex, TPC (TPLATE complex), clathrin, endocytosis

WANG Yu-tong, ZHANG Ying-hui, XU Mei, YAN Xu, ZHAO Fei-yi, TIAN Dan. Research Progress in Adaptor Protein Complex TPC in Plants[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(7): 60-68.

Figures/Tables 2

References 48

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亚基名称 Names of subunits	基因编号 Gene ID	突变体表型 Mutant phenotype	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization	结构域 Structural domain	参与的运输途径 Involved in trafficking pathways	参考文献 References
TPLATE	At3g01780	花粉致死；下调导致幼苗根尖长度变短；根尖扭曲生长；部分功能缺失突变体对CLV3小肽表现出较强的敏感性	质膜	a-Solenoid， appendage， anchor， armadillo	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输；（2）参与自噬途径	［10， 15， 17］
TML	At5g57460	花粉致死；下调导致幼苗根尖长度变短；根尖扭曲生长	质膜	μ-Homology， longin	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输	［10］
TASH3	At2g07360	花粉致死；SH3结构域功能缺失而获得nosh突变体，该突变并不能阻止TPC的形成，却严重损害了胞吞作用以及植物生长发育	质膜	α-Solenoid， SH3， armadillo	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输	［10， 16］
TWD40-1	At3g50590	花粉致死	质膜	β-Propeller， a-solenoid， WD40	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输	［10］
TWD40-2	At5g24710	花粉致死；基因下调突变体表现更短的下胚轴表型；活性弱等位基因突变体	质膜	β-Propeller， a-solenoid， WD40	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输	［10， 18］
AtEH1/Pan1	At1g20760	花粉致死	质膜；自噬体	EH， coiled coil	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输；（2）参与肌动蛋白介导的自噬途径；（3）参与液-液相分离过程	［10， 19-20］
AtEH2/Pan1	At1g21630	花粉致死	质膜；自噬体	EH， coiled coil	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输；（2）参与肌动蛋白介导的自噬途径；（3）参与液-液相分离过程	［10， 19-20］
LOLITA	At1g15370	花粉致死	质膜	Longin	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输	［10］

亚基名称 Names of subunits	基因编号 Gene ID	突变体表型 Mutant phenotype	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization	结构域 Structural domain	参与的运输途径 Involved in trafficking pathways	参考文献 References
TPLATE	At3g01780	花粉致死；下调导致幼苗根尖长度变短；根尖扭曲生长；部分功能缺失突变体对CLV3小肽表现出较强的敏感性	质膜	a-Solenoid， appendage， anchor， armadillo	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输；（2）参与自噬途径	［10， 15， 17］
TML	At5g57460	花粉致死；下调导致幼苗根尖长度变短；根尖扭曲生长	质膜	μ-Homology， longin	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输	［10］
TASH3	At2g07360	花粉致死；SH3结构域功能缺失而获得nosh突变体，该突变并不能阻止TPC的形成，却严重损害了胞吞作用以及植物生长发育	质膜	α-Solenoid， SH3， armadillo	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输	［10， 16］
TWD40-1	At3g50590	花粉致死	质膜	β-Propeller， a-solenoid， WD40	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输	［10］
TWD40-2	At5g24710	花粉致死；基因下调突变体表现更短的下胚轴表型；活性弱等位基因突变体	质膜	β-Propeller， a-solenoid， WD40	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输	［10， 18］
AtEH1/Pan1	At1g20760	花粉致死	质膜；自噬体	EH， coiled coil	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输；（2）参与肌动蛋白介导的自噬途径；（3）参与液-液相分离过程	［10， 19-20］
AtEH2/Pan1	At1g21630	花粉致死	质膜；自噬体	EH， coiled coil	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输；（2）参与肌动蛋白介导的自噬途径；（3）参与液-液相分离过程	［10， 19-20］
LOLITA	At1g15370	花粉致死	质膜	Longin	（1）调控网格蛋白介导的质膜蛋白从质膜到反式高尔基体网络/早期内吞体的运输	［10］