Isolation， Identification， Biological Characteristics and Biocontrol Effects of Trichoderma harzianum M408 against Tomato Early Blight

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0306

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective Tomato early blight caused by Alternaria solani is a main disease of tomatoes, a biocontrol strain with good antagonistic effect against tomato early blight was isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of zucchini after tomato-zucchini rotation. Method Antagonistic strains were identified using morphological observation and molecular biology techniques. Its optimal biological indicators such as carbon source, temperature, light, and pH value were conducted. Its biocontrol effects were evaluated through indoor confrontation and field control experiments. Result A superior strain M408 was screened to antagonize tomato early blight, and was identified as Trichoderma harzianum through morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis, the optimal carbon source for both nutritional growth and spore production was glucose; the optimal growth temperature was 27 ℃; the mycelial growth rate was the fastest in total darkness, and the spore production was the highest under full light, and the optimal pH was 6. In the vitro plate confrontation culture test, the inhibition rate of strain 408 against Alternaria solani was 100%, and the antagonistic index of strain M408 against A. solani reached level I. The inhibition rates of M408 strain original spore powder agent with spore concentration of 10⁸, 10⁷, 10⁶, and 10⁵CFU/mL against A. solani W5 were 100%, 100%, 98.51%, and 93.43%, respectively, which were all higher than the inhibition rate of 89.55% of the chemical fungicide 325 g/L difenoconazole azoxystrobin against A. solani W5. In the field efficacy test, 7 d after the second spray, the biocontrol effect of T. harzianum M408 on early blight of tomato was obvious. The control effects of T. harzianum M408 strain original spore powder agent with spore concentration of 10⁸, 10⁷, 10⁶and 10⁵ CFU/mL on tomato early blight were 89.44%, 87.07%, 84.56% and 81.01%, respectively, which were all higher than the relative control effect of 76.37% of 325 g/L difenoconazole azoxystrobin. Conclusion The strain of T. harzianum M408 is isolated from the rhizosphere soil of zucchini after tomato-zucchini rotation, it has a good biocontrol effect on early blight of tomato. It is a fungal resource with good biocontrol potential and has the value of further development and utilization.

Key words: Trichoderma harzianum M408, isolation and identification, biological characteristics, tomato early blight, antagonistic activity

SU Xiu-min, HAN Wen-qing, WANG Jiao, LI Peng, WANG Qiu-lan, LI Wan-xing, CAO Jin-jun. Isolation， Identification， Biological Characteristics and Biocontrol Effects of Trichoderma harzianum M408 against Tomato Early Blight[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(9): 277-288.

Figures/Tables 8

References 50

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药剂 Agent	浓度 Concentration	抑制率 Inhibition （%）
M408原菌粉菌剂 M408 strain original spore powder agent	10⁸ CFU/mL	100±0a
	10⁷ CFU/mL	100±0a
	10⁶ CFU/mL	98.51±0b
	10⁵ CFU/mL	93.43±0.365c
325 g/L苯甲·醚菌酯悬浮剂 325 g/L difenoconazole azoxystrobin SC	1.0 g/L	89.55±0d
清水 Water	0	---

药剂 Agent	浓度 Concentration	抑制率 Inhibition （%）
M408原菌粉菌剂 M408 strain original spore powder agent	10⁸ CFU/mL	100±0a
	10⁷ CFU/mL	100±0a
	10⁶ CFU/mL	98.51±0b
	10⁵ CFU/mL	93.43±0.365c
325 g/L苯甲·醚菌酯悬浮剂 325 g/L difenoconazole azoxystrobin SC	1.0 g/L	89.55±0d
清水 Water	0	---

药剂 Agent	浓度 Concentration	药前病情指数 Disease index before application	第一次药后7 d 7 d after the first application		第二次药后7 d 7 d after the second application
药剂 Agent	浓度 Concentration	药前病情指数 Disease index before application	病情指数 Disease index	相对防效 Relative prevention effect （%）	病情指数 Disease index	相对防效 Relative prevention effect （%）
M408原菌粉菌剂 M408 strain original spore powder agent	10⁸ CFU/mL	1.19	0.87	87.30±2.01a	2.07	89.44±0.55a
	10⁷ CFU/mL	1.33	1.15	85.57±1.64ab	2.85	87.07±0.93ab
	10⁶ CFU/mL	1.37	1.42	82.51±1.30ab	3.48	84.56±1.00b
	10⁵ CFU/mL	1.22	1.48	79.71±2.75bc	3.85	81.01±0.67c
325 g/L苯甲·醚菌酯悬浮剂 325 g/L Difenoconazole azoxystrobin SC	1.0 g/L	1.26	1.87	75.63±1.86c	4.93	76.37±1.98d
清水 Water	0	1.33	8.01	--	27.59	--

药剂 Agent	浓度 Concentration	药前病情指数 Disease index before application	第一次药后7 d 7 d after the first application		第二次药后7 d 7 d after the second application
药剂 Agent	浓度 Concentration	药前病情指数 Disease index before application	病情指数 Disease index	相对防效 Relative prevention effect （%）	病情指数 Disease index	相对防效 Relative prevention effect （%）
M408原菌粉菌剂 M408 strain original spore powder agent	10⁸ CFU/mL	1.19	0.87	87.30±2.01a	2.07	89.44±0.55a
	10⁷ CFU/mL	1.33	1.15	85.57±1.64ab	2.85	87.07±0.93ab
	10⁶ CFU/mL	1.37	1.42	82.51±1.30ab	3.48	84.56±1.00b
	10⁵ CFU/mL	1.22	1.48	79.71±2.75bc	3.85	81.01±0.67c
325 g/L苯甲·醚菌酯悬浮剂 325 g/L Difenoconazole azoxystrobin SC	1.0 g/L	1.26	1.87	75.63±1.86c	4.93	76.37±1.98d
清水 Water	0	1.33	8.01	--	27.59	--