植物ABCB转运蛋白研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-0899

摘要/Abstract

摘要： ABC转运蛋白家族是一类通过结合并水解ATP释放能量实现底物的跨膜运输的转运蛋白,它们参与了植物众多的生理代谢过程,根据保守区的进化关系将ABC转运蛋白家族分成8个亚族,其中ABCB转运蛋白为第二大亚族。ABCB 转运蛋白具保守的NBDs结构域,由6个跨膜α-螺旋的疏水跨膜结构域组成了TMDs结构域,形成溶质跨膜的通道,但是其结构、长度与序列则变化多样。按分子大小不同将植物ABCB转运蛋白分为全分子转运蛋白、半分子转运蛋白两类,通过测序发现在拟南芥、水稻和番茄等植物上均有一定比列的ABCB转运蛋白,且行使多种功能。有研究表明,ABCB转运蛋白基因介导镉、铅和铝等重金属离子的转运,提高植物重金属耐性;它直接参与植物体内生长素的运输,从而调控植物高度;它还可能将苹果酸从质体转运到保卫细胞中调节气孔的开合。近年来,越来越多的ABCB转运蛋白被鉴定,但是ABCB亚家族庞大,底物特异性强,转运机制复杂,多数转运蛋白的功能尚未确定。因此,了解ABCB转运蛋白在生命活动过程中的重要性,以及基因表达调控的机制,解析ABCB转运蛋白在响应逆境胁迫过程中的重要作用,以期为植物抗逆性育种提供思路。

关键词: ABCB转运蛋白, 结构, 功能

Abstract: ABC transporter family is a transport protein that binds and hydrolyzes ATP to release energy to realize the transmembrane transport of substrates.They are involved in many physiological and metabolic processes in plants.The ABC transporter family is divided into 8 subgroups according to the evolutionary relationship of conserved regions,among which ABCB transporter is the second largest subgroup.The conserved NBDs domain of ABCB transporter and the hydrophobic transmembrane domain of 6 transmembrane alpha-helices form the TMDs domain,thus the solute transmembrane channel is formed,while its structure,length and sequence vary. Plant ABCB transporters can be divided into whole molecule transporters and half molecule transporters. Through sequencing,ABCB transporter is found in arabidopsis thaliana,rice,tomato and other plants,and performs various functions. Studies have shown that ABCB transporter gene mediates the transport of heavy metal ions such as cadmium,lead and aluminum,and increases the tolerance of heavy metal in plants. It is directly involved in the transport of auxin in plants,thus regulating plant height. It may also transport malic acid from plasmids to guard cells to regulate stomatal opening and closing.In recent years,more and more ABCB transporters have been identified,but the ABCB subfamily is large,the substrate specificity is strong,the transport mechanism is complex,and the functions of most transporters have not been determined.Therefore,to understand the importance of ABCB transporter in the process of life activities and the mechanism of gene expression and regulation,and to analyze the important role of ABCB transporter in the process of responding to adversity and stress,may provide ideas for plant stress resistance breeding.

Key words: ABCB transport protein, structure, function

王暄, 陈海霞. 植物ABCB转运蛋白研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(6): 223-229.

WANG Xuan, CHEN Hai-xia. Research Progress on Plant ABCB Transporter[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(6): 223-229.

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