细菌脲酶蛋白结构与催化机制

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0459

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

细菌脲酶催化尿素分解产生氨,但是高脲酶活性会对人类健康、农业、环境等造成不利影响,因此研究细菌脲酶特征和抑制脲酶活性具有重要科学意义。随着分子生物学和结构生物学的快速发展,越来越多的细菌脲酶蛋白结构特征被解析,脲酶活性调控机制也不断被完善,脲酶蛋白研究进入一个新阶段。本文主要从细菌脲酶晶体结构及活性中心特征、脲酶催化机制、脲酶抑制剂作用机制四个方面对研究进展进行综述,以期为脲酶调控的相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 细菌脲酶, 结构蛋白, 晶体结构, 抑制机制

Abstract:

Bacterial urease catalyzes the efficient decomposition of urea to produce ammonia;however,high activity of urease has negative influence on human healthy,agriculture,environment,and so on. It is of great scientific significance to research characteristics of bacterial urease and study how to inhibit urease activity. With the rapid development of molecular and structural biology,more and more structures of urease have been analyzed,and the regulation mechanism of urease activity has been improved constantly,which mark a new stage of urease protein research. This review summarizes the crystal structure and active center characteristics of bacterial urease,catalytic mechanism,mechanism of urease inhibitors,in order to provide some references to urease regulation research.

Key words: bacterial urease, structural protein, crystal structure, inhibition mechanism

贺越, 赵圣国, 张晓音, 郑楠, 王加启. 细菌脲酶蛋白结构与催化机制[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(12): 208-217.

HE Yue, ZHAO Sheng-guo, ZHANG Xiao-yin, ZHENG Nan, WANG Jia-qi. Structure and Catalytic Mechanism of Bacterial Urease Protein[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(12): 208-217.

图/表 7

图1 细菌脲酶结构蛋白亚基组成与排布[12,13]

图2 巴氏芽孢杆菌（A）、产气克雷伯氏菌（B）、幽门螺杆菌（C）的脲酶结构蛋白的结构特征[16] 每一个颜色代表了脲酶结构的最小单元（αβγ）或者（αβ）,红色球体表示镍离子

图3 产气克雷伯氏菌脲酶活性中心[12]

图4 脲酶flap区域开放（A）和关闭（B）[16]

图5 脲酶的催化机理[43]

图6 MATP结合SPU活性位点的原子模型[54]

图7 Au3+与芽孢杆菌脲酶相互作用[55]

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