密度、施氮量和留叶数对渠首1号香气特性彰显的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1245

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

烟叶中类西柏烷类及其降解产物和石油醚提取物是烟草中重要的香味物质。本研究探究种植密度、施氮量和留叶数三种栽培措施对烟叶类西柏烷类化合物和石油醚提取物的影响,为进一步彰显烟叶浓香型风格提供有效方法。以烤烟品种“渠首1号”为试材,按L9(3⁴)正交试验设计,将上述三因素各设3个不同水平进行研究。观察不同处理的腺毛形态和密度,测定不同处理的叶面腺毛分泌物,并利用荧光定量PCR 技术比较不同处理中与西柏三烯二醇代谢相关CYC-1、CYP71D16等基因的表达量,对比了不同处理初烤烟叶茄酮含量和石油醚提取物含量,并进行了感官质量评价。种植密度是影响腺毛总密度、叶面烷烃类含量以及烤后烟石油醚提取物的关键因子;留叶数对烟叶茄酮含量的影响最大;施氮量是影响西柏三烯一醇、西柏三烯二醇、叶面分泌物总量,CYC-1和CYP71D16的相对表达量以及感官质量评价的关键因子。适宜的栽培措施能促进西柏三烯二醇代谢相关基因的上调表达,改良叶面分泌物,提高石油醚提取物和茄酮含量,从而改善感官质量,进一步彰显烟叶的香气风格特征。

关键词: 种植密度, 施氮量, 留叶数, 叶面分泌物, 西柏三烯二醇, 石油醚提取物, 茄酮

Abstract:

The Sibyl like compounds,their degradation products and petroleum ether extracts are important aroma compounds in tobacco. In this study,the effects of planting density,amount of nitrogen application and number of left leaves on the Sibyl like compounds and petroleum ether extracts of tobacco leaves were investigated,for providing effective measures to further highlight the strong flavor style of tobacco leaves. Taking flue-cured tobacco variety Qushou 1 as test material,the above three factors were set at three different levels according to L9(3 ⁴)orthogonal design. The morphology and density of glandular hair in different treatments were observed,and the secretion of glandular hair in different treatments was measured. The expression levels of gene CYC-1,CYP71D16,etc. related to the metabolism of cembratriene-diols were compared by using fluorescence quantitative PCR,the contents of petroleum ether extract and solanone in flue-cured tobacco leaves with different treatments were compared,and the sensory quality was evaluated. Planting density was the key factor affecting the total density of glandular hairs,the content of alkanes on leaf surface and petroleum ether extract of flue-cured tobacco. The number of left leaves had the greatest influence on the content of solanone. The amount of nitrogen application was the key factor affecting the total amount of cembratriene-diols,total amount of leaf exudates,relative expressions of CYC-1 and CYP71D16,and sensory quality evaluation. Via appropriate cultivation measures the up-regulation of genes related to the metabolism of cembratriene-diols can be promoted,the secretion of flue-cured tobacco leaves improved,and the contents of petroleum ether extract and solanone increased,thus the sensory quality improved,further and the flavor style of tobacco leaves highlighted.

Key words: planting density, amount of nitrogen application, number of left leaves, leaf surface exudate, cembratriene-diols, petroleum ether extract, solanone

张谦, 薛宇, 贺凌霄, 吴疆, 程玉渊, 杨铁钊, 丁永乐, 徐世晓, 薛刚. 密度、施氮量和留叶数对渠首1号香气特性彰显的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(6): 24-35.

ZHANG Qian, XUE Yu, HE Ling-xiao, WU Jiang, CHENG Yu-yuan, YANG Tie-zhao, DING Yong-le, XU Shi-xiao, XUE Gang. Effects of Planting Density,Amount of Nitrogen Application and Left Leaf Number on the Highlighting of Flavor Style in Qushou 1[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(6): 24-35.

图/表 15

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编码值 Code value	种植密度(M) Planting density/(plants·hm^-2)	施氮量(N) Nitrogen application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	留叶数(L) Number of leaves left/(leaves/plant)
1	14 000	30	18
2	15 500	45	20
3	17 000	60	22
变化区间	1 500	15	2

编码值 Code value	种植密度(M) Planting density/(plants·hm^-2)	施氮量(N) Nitrogen application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	留叶数(L) Number of leaves left/(leaves/plant)
1	14 000	30	18
2	15 500	45	20
3	17 000	60	22
变化区间	1 500	15	2

处理组合 Treatment combination	处理 Treatment	种植密度(M) Planting density/(plants·hm^-2)	施氮量(N) Nitrogen application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	留叶数(L) Number of leaves left/(leaves/plant)
T1	M1N1L1	14 000	30	18
T2	M1N2L2	14 000	45	20
T3	M1N3L3	14 000	60	22
T4	M2N1L2	15 500	30	20
T5	M2N2L3	15 500	45	22
T6	M2N3L1	15 500	60	18
T7	M3N1L3	17 000	30	22
T8	M3N2L1	17 000	45	18
T9	M3N3L2	17 000	60	20

处理组合 Treatment combination	处理 Treatment	种植密度(M) Planting density/(plants·hm^-2)	施氮量(N) Nitrogen application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	留叶数(L) Number of leaves left/(leaves/plant)
T1	M1N1L1	14 000	30	18
T2	M1N2L2	14 000	45	20
T3	M1N3L3	14 000	60	22
T4	M2N1L2	15 500	30	20
T5	M2N2L3	15 500	45	22
T6	M2N3L1	15 500	60	18
T7	M3N1L3	17 000	30	22
T8	M3N2L1	17 000	45	18
T9	M3N3L2	17 000	60	20

名称 Name	GenBank accession	引物 Primer(5'-3')
Actin	AB158612	F:GCTGTTTTTCCTAGTATTGTTGGTC
Actin	AB158612	R:AATACCTGTTGTACGGCCACTG
CYC-1	AY049090	F:CGAGGGTGGGATCAAGGAAATACA
CYC-1	AY049090	R:ATCGCATCCGTGAAAAGCATAAG
CYP17D16	AF166332	F:ATGGACCAATTATGCACCTTCAACT
CYP17D16	AF166332	R:GGCACTGAGCAATTCCAAGAGACA