多巴脱羧酶参与调解无脊椎动物神经内分泌免疫系统的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0973

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在自然界中,为了抵御外界病原体的入侵,无脊椎动物发育形成了一套完整的先天免疫防御系统。其中,多巴脱羧酶作为无脊椎动物先天免疫应答中的一种关键酶,不仅参与免疫系统的调节,同时,它催化生成的多巴胺等神经递质在神经内分泌系统中也起到了重要作用,是研究无脊椎动物神经内分泌免疫系统的理想材料。该综述介绍了无脊椎动物多巴脱羧酶的研究现状、蛋白分子结构及催化机制等理化性质,说明了其在先天免疫系统中起到的重要生理学功能。此外,也对多巴胺参与的无脊椎动物神经内分泌系统进行了概述,介绍了儿茶酚胺系统、多巴胺、多巴胺及其受体在神经内分泌系统中的作用等内容。多巴脱羧酶在自然界中广泛存在,针对于多巴脱羧酶展开的研究也十分丰富,然而,国内外对淡水小龙虾多巴脱羧酶的文献报道还是十分稀少。在我国,淡水小龙虾（Procambarus clarkii）属于甲壳类动物,是一种重要的水产经济虾类。近些年来,淡水小龙虾因受到病原菌的感染,进而导致其养殖产量下降。细菌性疾病是淡水小龙虾的主要病因,因此探究小龙虾抵御细菌的免疫机制是目前亟待解决的重要科学问题,而小龙虾多巴脱羧酶的研究可以进一步为其神经内分泌免疫系统的探索提供科学依据。

关键词: 神经内分泌免疫系统, 多巴脱羧酶, 无脊椎动物, 多巴胺

Abstract: In nature,invertebrates develop and form a complete set of innate immune systems in order to resist the invasion of external pathogens. As a key enzyme in the innate immune system of invertebrates,dopa decarbox（DDC）not only participates in the regulation of the immune system,but also it-catalyzed neurotransmitters such as dopamine play an important role in the neuroendocrine system;thus it is an ideal material to study the neuroendocrine immune system of invertebrates. This paper first summarized the research status,protein molecular structure and catalytic mechanism of dopa decarboxylase in invertebrates,and then illustrated the important physiological function in the innate immune system of invertebrates. In addition,the paper outlined the neuroendocrine system in which dopamine is involved,further introduced The role of catecholamine system,dopamine,the role of dopamine and its receptors in neuroendocrine system is introduced. Dopamine decarboxylase exists widely in nature,and the research on it is also very rich. However,the domestic and foreign literature reports on dopamine decarboxylase in crayfish are very rare. P. clarkii is an invertebrate crustacean and it is an important aquatic product in China. In recent years,the yield of P. clarkii’s aquaculture is reduced due to infection from pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial diseases are the main cause of P. clarkii’s diseases. Therefore,to explore the defense mechanism of P. clarkii against bacteria is an important scientific issue that urgently needs to be solved;moreover,the study of dopamine decarboxylase in crayfish may provide scientific basis for the exploration of its neuroendocrine immune system.

Key words: neuroendocrine immune regulatory system, dopa decarboxylase, invertebrates, dopamine

王凯, 李博, 于晓东, 刘睿哲, 蔺思函, 杜杰, 沈秀丽, 杜志强. 多巴脱羧酶参与调解无脊椎动物神经内分泌免疫系统的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(4): 170-177.

WANG Kai, LI Bo, YU Xiao-dong, LIU Rui-zhe, LIN Si-han, DU Jie, SHEN Xiu-li, DU Zhi-qiang. Research Progress on Dopa Decarboxylase and Its Correlation with Neuroendocrine Immune System in Invertebrates[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(4): 170-177.

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