瘤胃细菌的分离培养研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1314

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

瘤胃微生物的发酵使反刍动物能够有效利用粗纤维等营养物质,瘤胃作为自然界的天然饲料发酵罐,是微生态菌剂开发的重要来源,包括纤维素、木聚糖、脂肪、毒素降解菌、非蛋白氮利用菌、甲烷氧化菌等。然而,瘤胃中大部分的微生物仍不可被培养,人工培养方法和流程的参差不齐限制了瘤胃菌种资源的开发利用。因此,本文基于国内外已有的瘤胃细菌分离研究进展,从分离标准步骤、现有研究现状和改进意见三方面做了综述,旨在为瘤胃功能细菌的分离提供更为全面的技术参考和现状概述。

关键词: 瘤胃细菌, 分离培养, 技术方法

Abstract:

The fermentation of rumen microorganisms enables ruminants to effectively utilize nutrients such as crude fibers. As a natural fermentation tank of feedstuffs,the rumen supplies important resources for the development of microecological agents,including cellulose,xylan,fat and toxin-degrading bacteria,non-protein nitrogen utilization bacteria and methanotrophic bacteria,etc. However,most of the microorganism in the rumen cannot be cultured,and non-standard artificial culture methods and processes further restrict the development and utilization of rumen bacterial resources. Therefore,based on the existing research progress in the isolation of rumen bacteria at home and abroad,this article summarizes the separation standard steps,the current research status and improvement opinions. It aims to provide a more comprehensive technical reference and an overview of the current situation for the separation of rumen functional bacteria.

Key words: rumen bacteria, isolation and cultivation, techniques

严慧, 胡文悦, 宋晓晴, 纪守坤, 刘萱, 黄卓涵, 刘月琴, 张英杰. 瘤胃细菌的分离培养研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(8): 294-306.

YAN Hui, HU Wen-yue, SONG Xiao-qing, JI Shou-kun, LIU Xuan, HUANG Zhuo-han, LIU Yue-qin, ZHANG Ying-jie. Research Advances in Isolation and Cultivation of Rumen Bacteria[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(8): 294-306.

图/表 1

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培养基类型 Types of culture medium	分离菌株 Isolated strains	参考文献 References
CMC-Na分离培养基	芽孢杆菌属、蜡样芽孢杆菌、木聚糖降解球形芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、短杆菌、假单胞菌属、铜绿假单胞菌、香茅醇假单胞菌、寡养单胞菌属、纤维单胞菌属、肠杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、微杆菌属、苍白杆菌属、大肠杆菌、鞘氨醇杆菌属、肠球菌属、粪肠球菌、副球菌属、黄色瘤胃球菌、白色瘤胃球菌、链球菌、菠萝泛菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产酸克雷伯氏菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、拜氏羧菌、丁酸梭菌	[7-8,25,29,44,45,46-55]
木聚糖唯一碳源培养基	溶纤维丁酸弧菌、类芽孢杆菌属	[56-57]
酪蛋白主要氮源培养基	嗜淀粉拟杆菌、丁酸弧菌属、新月形单胞菌属、毛螺旋菌属、未知种	[58]
双缩脲、尿素唯一氮源培养基	葡萄球菌属、干酪乳杆菌、产气克雷伯氏菌、粪链球菌	[59-60]
无氮培养基	克雷伯氏菌属、弗兰克氏菌属、芽孢杆菌属	[44]
LSB培养基	痤疮丙酸杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、草乳杆菌、弯曲乳杆菌、吉氏库特菌、粪肠球菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、牛链球菌、志贺氏菌、氧化木糖无色杆菌、夏威夷肠球菌、产粘棒状杆菌	[24,61]
CDC厌氧血琼脂	反刍月形单胞菌、粪肠球菌	[62-63]
MRS培养基	巴黎链球菌、肠膜明串珠菌、戊糖片球菌、弯曲乳杆菌、耐久肠球菌、海氏肠球菌、鹑鸡肠球菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌	[64-65]
SL培养基	干酪乳杆菌,黏膜乳杆菌	[66]
厌氧杆菌培养基	产琥珀酸放线杆菌	[67-68]
牛肉膏蛋白胨溴甲酚绿培养基	放线杆菌属、肠膜明串珠菌	[69-70]
单宁浓度耐受培养基	产碱普罗维登斯菌、克斯特菌、普罗威登斯菌和铜绿假单胞菌	[71]

培养基类型 Types of culture medium	分离菌株 Isolated strains	参考文献 References
CMC-Na分离培养基	芽孢杆菌属、蜡样芽孢杆菌、木聚糖降解球形芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、短杆菌、假单胞菌属、铜绿假单胞菌、香茅醇假单胞菌、寡养单胞菌属、纤维单胞菌属、肠杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、微杆菌属、苍白杆菌属、大肠杆菌、鞘氨醇杆菌属、肠球菌属、粪肠球菌、副球菌属、黄色瘤胃球菌、白色瘤胃球菌、链球菌、菠萝泛菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产酸克雷伯氏菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、拜氏羧菌、丁酸梭菌	[7-8,25,29,44,45,46-55]
木聚糖唯一碳源培养基	溶纤维丁酸弧菌、类芽孢杆菌属	[56-57]
酪蛋白主要氮源培养基	嗜淀粉拟杆菌、丁酸弧菌属、新月形单胞菌属、毛螺旋菌属、未知种	[58]
双缩脲、尿素唯一氮源培养基	葡萄球菌属、干酪乳杆菌、产气克雷伯氏菌、粪链球菌	[59-60]
无氮培养基	克雷伯氏菌属、弗兰克氏菌属、芽孢杆菌属	[44]
LSB培养基	痤疮丙酸杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、草乳杆菌、弯曲乳杆菌、吉氏库特菌、粪肠球菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、牛链球菌、志贺氏菌、氧化木糖无色杆菌、夏威夷肠球菌、产粘棒状杆菌	[24,61]
CDC厌氧血琼脂	反刍月形单胞菌、粪肠球菌	[62-63]
MRS培养基	巴黎链球菌、肠膜明串珠菌、戊糖片球菌、弯曲乳杆菌、耐久肠球菌、海氏肠球菌、鹑鸡肠球菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌	[64-65]
SL培养基	干酪乳杆菌,黏膜乳杆菌	[66]
厌氧杆菌培养基	产琥珀酸放线杆菌	[67-68]
牛肉膏蛋白胨溴甲酚绿培养基	放线杆菌属、肠膜明串珠菌	[69-70]
单宁浓度耐受培养基	产碱普罗维登斯菌、克斯特菌、普罗威登斯菌和铜绿假单胞菌	[71]