陆地棉果枝夹角性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1606

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

棉花株型结构与栽培模式、机采效率和产量紧密相关，而果枝夹角（fruit branch angle，FBA）是决定棉花株型结构的关键因子之一。探明陆地棉果枝夹角的遗传规律，可为棉花株型遗传育种提供重要指导。本研究以418份不同来源的陆地棉种质资源组成的自然群体为研究对象，利用数显量角器测定果枝夹角大小，开展棉株不同部位果枝夹角的变异度、相关性分析，以及自然群体在不同生态环境下果枝夹角的表型描述统计分析。并以筛选出的果枝夹角极端差异亲本构建的四世代联合群体（P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂）为研究对象，采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法，对4个世代群体的果枝夹角表型性状进行多世代联合遗传分析，并估测主基因遗传效应与遗传率。表型鉴定分析结果表明，陆地棉自然群体果枝夹角变异系数相对较小，4个环境下的平均变异系数为5.63%，中部果枝（基部起第4-6台）夹角最能够代表陆地棉整株的果枝夹角水平。主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析表明，控制果枝夹角性状的最佳模型为2对等加性主基因模型，主基因的加性效应值为3.65，遗传率为90.22%。这说明陆地棉果枝夹角性状主要受主基因控制，且主基因遗传率较高。上述研究结果有助于阐明陆地棉果枝夹角性状的遗传规律，对于陆地棉果枝夹角的分子遗传解析及株型遗传育种具有重要现实意义。

关键词: 陆地棉, 果枝夹角, 主基因, 多基因, 遗传模型

Abstract:

Cotton plant architecture is closely related to cultivation mode，mechanical collection efficiency and yield. Fruit branch angle（FBA）is one of the key factors that determine cotton plant architecture. Exploring the genetic characteristics on FBA of upland cotton（Gossyp-ium hirsutum）will provide important guidance for genetic breeding of cotton plant architecture. In this study，a natural population composed of 418 accessions of upland cotton from different regions，were used as the research object. Then，measuring the FBA with digital display protractor，we performed the variability and correlation analysis of FBA in different positions of cotton main stem，as well as the phenotypic description and statistical analysis of FBA of natural populations in different ecological environments. Simultaneously，the combined populations four generations（P₁，P₂，F₁ and F₂）constructed by parents with extremely different fruit branch angles were selected as the research objects，the multi-generation joint genetic analysis of FBA phenotypic traits of the four generations was carried out，and the genetic effect and heritability of major genes were estimated using the mixed genetic model of major gene plus polygenes of plant quantitative traits. Phenotypic identification analysis showed that the coefficient of variation for FBA in the natural population of upland cotton was relatively small，and the average coefficient of variation under the four environments was 5.63%. Furthermore，the middle fruit branch（the 4th-6th position from the base）angles best represented the level of FBA of the whole cotton plant. Additionally，mixed genetic model for major gene plus polygene demonstrated that the optimal model for controlling FBA was two major genes with equal additive effect，the additive effect value of major gene was 3.65，and the heritability was 90.22%. These results revealed that the FBA of upland cotton was mainly controlled by the main gene，and the heritability of the main gene was high. The above results are conducive to clarifying the genetic law of FBA of upland cotton，which is of important practical significance for molecular genetic analysis of FBA and plant architecture genetic breeding of upland cotton.

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, fruit branch angle, major gene, polygenes, genetic model

马麒, 李吉莲, 徐守振, 陈红, 刘文豪, 宁新柱, 林海. 陆地棉果枝夹角性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(10): 148-158.

MA Qi, LI Ji-lian, XU Shou-zhen, CHEN Hong, LIU Wen-hao, NING Xinzhu, LIN Hai. Genetic Analysis of FBA Trait in Upland Cotton with Major Gene Plus Polygenes Mixed Genetic Model[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(10): 148-158.

图/表 12

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性状 Trait	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准差 SD
1-FBA	52.60	63.85	57.87Aa	2.66
2-FBA	50.24	60.65	55.61Bb	2.78
3-FBA	48.41	58.20	53.70Cc	2.43
All-FBA	50.91	59.01	55.73Bb	1.70

性状 Trait	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准差 SD
1-FBA	52.60	63.85	57.87Aa	2.66
2-FBA	50.24	60.65	55.61Bb	2.78
3-FBA	48.41	58.20	53.70Cc	2.43
All-FBA	50.91	59.01	55.73Bb	1.70

性状Trait	1-FBA	2-FBA	3-FBA	All-FBA
1-FBA		0.191	0.059	0.652**
2-FBA	0.191		0.134	0.707**
3-FBA	0.059	0.134		0.580**
All-FBA	0.652**	0.707**	0.580**

性状Trait	1-FBA	2-FBA	3-FBA	All-FBA
1-FBA		0.191	0.059	0.652**
2-FBA	0.191		0.134	0.707**
3-FBA	0.059	0.134		0.580**
All-FBA	0.652**	0.707**	0.580**

环境 Environment	均值±标准差 $\bar{x}$±s	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	极差 Range	变异系数 CV/%	柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫正态分布检验 Kolmogorov-Smirnov（K-S）normal distribution test
环境 Environment	均值±标准差 $\bar{x}$±s	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	极差 Range	变异系数 CV/%	Z值	P
E1	58.69±3.57	47.41	70.46	23.05	6.08	0.557	0.916
E2	56.15±4.13	43.20	67.87	24.67	7.36	0.734	0.654
E3	57.95±2.85	50.44	69.40	18.96	4.92	0.913	0.375
E4	62.61±2.61	55.08	70.07	14.99	4.17	0.646	0.789
E_All	58.85±3.30	49.03	69.45	20.42	5.63	0.744	0.637