外源褪黑素对晚疫病胁迫下马铃薯抗病性的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1425

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的褪黑素（melatonin, MT）作为植物应对生物和非生物胁迫的重要信号分子，其生理效应呈现显著的“量效关系”，探究外源MT对马铃薯晚疫病的影响，寻找外源MT对马铃薯晚疫病抑制的最佳浓度，为MT的田间应用提供理论依据。方法以马铃薯‘青薯9号’为材料，叶面连续3 d早中晚喷施不同浓度MT（0、300、650、1 300、1 650、2 000 μmol/L），接种致病疫霉后对马铃薯植株进行防效鉴定、抗氧化酶检测、防御酶及防卫基因表达分析。结果外源MT能够有效抑制晚疫病菌菌丝的生长，MT浓度在300-2 000 μmol/L均能提高马铃薯对晚疫病的抗性，结合DAB和台盼蓝染色确定最佳浓度为1 300 μmol/L。与对照相比，1 300 μmol/L^{MT预处理能够提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性，清除过量积累的活性氧和丙二醛（MDA）。同时提高几丁质酶（CHT）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）等防御酶活性，并显著诱导防卫基因（StPR1、StPR5、StPOD和StPPO）的表达。结论晚疫病菌胁迫下，MT通过限制病原菌菌丝生长、提高植株抗氧化能力、激活防御酶活性并诱导防卫基因表达，增强马铃薯对晚疫病的抗性。}

关键词: 褪黑素, 马铃薯, 晚疫病, 抗病性, 抗氧化能力

Abstract:

Objective Melatonin (MT) acts as a crucial signaling molecule in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, its physiological effects exhibit a significant dose-response relationship. To investigate the impact and underlying mechanism of exogenous MT on potato late blight, and to identify the optimal concentration for suppressing Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) infection, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the potential field application of MT. Methods Using the potato cultivar ‘Qingshu 9’ as material, different concentrations of MT (0, 300, 650, 1 300, 1 650, and 2 000 μmol/L) were sprayed on leaves continuously for three days (morning, noon, and evening) before inoculation with P. infestans. After pathogen infection, the control efficacy, antioxidant system, defense enzyme activities, and defense-related gene expression in potato plants were analyzed. Results Exogenous MT effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of P. infestans. MT concentrations ranging from 300 to 2 000 μmol/L enhanced the resistance of potato to late blight, with 1 300 μmol/L was identified as the optimal concentration based on DAB and trypan blue staining. Compared to the control, pretreatment with 1 300 μmol/L MT increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), while reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, it enhanced the activities of defense-related enzymes such as chitinase (CHT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and significantly induced the expression of defense genes (StPR1, StPR5, StPOD, and StPPO). Conclusion Under P. infestans stress, MT treatment enhances potato resistance to late blight by inhibiting pathogen mycelial growth, improving the plant antioxidant capacity, activating defense enzyme activities, and inducing the expression of defense genes.

Key words: melatonin, potato, late blight, disease resistance, antioxidant capacity

王冰冰, 朱迪, 杨生龙, 李艺林, 杨琪, 贺苗苗. 外源褪黑素对晚疫病胁迫下马铃薯抗病性的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(6): 107-115.

WANG Bing-bing, ZHU Di, YANG Sheng-long, LI Yi-lin, YANG Qi, HE Miao-miao. Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Disease Resistance of Potato under Late Blight Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(6): 107-115.

图/表 7

图1 不同浓度MT对P. infestans生长的影响A：P. infestans菌丝生长表型；B：菌丝生长抑制率。CK：对照；MT：褪黑素；不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。下同

Fig. 1 Effects of different concentrations of MT on the growth of P. infestansA: P. infestans mycelial growth phenotype. B: Mycelium growth inhibition rate. CK: Control; MT: Melatonin; Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. The same below

图2 不同浓度MT对马铃薯晚疫病的室内防效测定A：对照组；B：褪黑素预处理组

Fig. 2 Indoor efficacy of different concentrations of MT against potato late blightA: Control group. B: Melatonin-pretreated group

图3 不同浓度MT处理马铃薯植株接种晚疫病菌7 d后的诱抗效果

Fig. 3 Induced resistance effect of potato plants to P. infestans 7 days after inoculation with different concentrations of MT

图4 DAB和台盼蓝的活体组织化学染色表型图A：叶片DAB染色；B：电子显微镜下发病部位DAB染色；C：叶片台盼蓝染色；D：电子显微镜下发病部位台盼蓝染色

Fig. 4 In vivo histochemical staining phenotypes of DAB and trypan blueA: DAB staining of leaves. B: DAB staining of infected sites under electron microscopy. C: Trypan blue staining of leaves. D: Trypan blue staining of infected sites under electron microscopy

图5 MT预处理对接种晚疫病菌后马铃薯防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响*P0.05，**P0.01， the same below

Fig. 5 Effect of melatonin pretreatment on defense enzyme activities and malondialdehyde content in potato following inoculation with P. infestans

图6 MT预处理对接种晚疫病菌后马铃薯抗氧化系统的影响

Fig. 6 Effect of melatonin pretreatment on the antioxidant system of potato after inoculation with P. infestans

图7 MT预处理对接种晚疫病菌后马铃薯防卫基因表达的影响

Fig. 7 Effect of MT pretreatment on defense gene expression in potato following inoculation with P. infestans

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